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1/10王子涵物流基本概念（basicconceptsinlogistics）1.Logisticsisreferredtothearticleflow,butnotincludingtheflowofthepeople2.Theconceptofarticleinlogisticsincludestangiblegoodsandintangibleservice,suchascustomerservice,freightagentsandlogisticsnetworkdesign3.Logisticsdocumentsgenerallyrefertodocumentationsrequiredtocompleteallprocessesoflogistics,suchascontracts,bills,andnotes4.Theexternallogisticsisaboutthemacroeconomicactivities,likeinternationaltradeandglobalinvestment5.Thefourkeyproceduresintheinternallogisticsaresupply,production,distributionandreverse6.SupplyChainManagement(SCM)isasystemappliedtomaximizeprofitsforallpartiesinthewholelogisticsystemandothereconomicsystems7.Astandardizedlogisticsystemensuresbettertimemanagement,locationchoicesanddistributioncapacities8.Distributioncapacityisvalueaddedinthelogisticsystem9.Logisticssystemincludescustomerservice,packaging,transportation,storage,distributionprocessingandinformationcontrol10.Marketshareistheproportionofsalesofagoodorserviceprovidedbyonecompanytotheindustrysalesofsuchgoodorservice11.TheneedforoutsourcingcreatesThirdPartLogistics12.CustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM)issoftwaretomanagetherelationshipandcommunicationbetweencustomersandsuppliers13.Exclusivedistributionreferstothefactthatthereisonlyonewholesalerorretailerwhosellingaproductorprovidingacertainservice14.Alogisticmodelisastandardizedmodulethatisusedtoregulatethecargotransportation,managelogisticsfacilitiesandequipments15.Letterofcredit(L/C)isusedexclusivelybythebuyer.Itisaletterissuedbythebankemployedbythebuyerwhichauthorizesthebearer(thesupplierorseller)todrawastatedamountofmoneyfromtheissuingbank16.Alogisticscenterconsistsofaseriesofintegratedlogisticactivities,processes,equipments,andinformationnetwork2/10王子涵17.ThirdPartLogisticsreferstospecializedlogisticsserviceprovidersthatprovidespecificservicesforsuppliersandcustomers18.Customizedlogisticsrefertoalogisticsystemorprocessspecificallydesignedtocatertoanindividualcustomer’srequirementsandneeds19.Logisticsalliancereferstothelongtermcooperationandbusinessrelationshipbetweenlogisticssupplierandcustomers20.Bridgetransportreferstocontainerstransportedbyrailwayusingthebridgesthatlinkbothendsseparatedbyriversoroceans21.Internationallogisticsisaresultofinternationalcommercialactivities,crossborderinvestment,andimportingandexportingactivities22.Timevalueinlogisticsreferstothedifferencesinvalueofthesamegoodsindifferenttime23.Locationvalueinlogisticsreferstothedifferencesinvalueofthesamegoodsindifferentlocations24.Logisticsvehiclesincludeships,trucks,trainsandaircraftsusedinthelogisticsprocess25.Themaindifferencesbetweenthetraditionalandmodernlogisticsystemsaretheusageofcontainersandinformationtechnologies26.IntegratedlogisticsmanagementwastheearlystageofSupplyChainManagement(SCM)27.Internationaltransportisthemajorpartininternationallogistics28.ThirdPartLogisticsassisttheexecutionoflogisticactivities29.FourthPartLogisticsistheplannerandmanagerforlogisticsnetwork,whileThirdPartLogisticsisthesupplieroflogisticsservice,liketransportandstorage30.SupplyChainistherelationshipbetweensuppliersandcustomers.Inthesupplychain,suppliersrankbeforebuyer,sellerandcustomers31.Logisticsactivities,especiallytransportationhaveamajorimpactontheenvironment32.Logisticsisacombinationofappliedtechnologyandbusinessmanagement33.Insuranceisveryimportanttologisticsbecauseofthepotentialhazardsanddangersintheprocess,suchasfire,theft,handlingdamageandeventhenaturaldisasters34.Costsforlogisticsaresimilartoallotherbusinessesandincludefixedcost,variablecostandmanagementcost35.Theprocesstohandleexportandimportwiththeinternationalcustomsisthecustomsdeclaration36.Customerserviceslinkalllogisticsactivitieseffectively37.Thebankisathirdpartyinthepaymentprocessbetweenthebuyersandsellers3/10王子涵38.LetterofCreditisissuedbythebuyer’sbankfortheimporter’sbenefits39.Industrycompetitionleadstomoreeffortstoimprovecustomerservice40.Forsmallandmedium-sizedcompanies,logisticsmanagementisstilllargelydecentralized41.Customerserviceisspeciallysetuptoprovideservicestohandleandinquiryandrespondtodemandsfromcustomers42.Safetyisalwaysthetopconcernforwarehousestohandlegoods.43.Logisticsinformationrefersgenerallogisticsknowledge,materials,images,dataanddocumentation.44.MostlargecompanieslocateintheCentralBusinessDistrictofacity.45.Inabullmarket,marketpricesformostgoodswillcontinuouslygoup.46.Thepaymentofmostglobaltransactionsiscarriedoutinthefromofletterofcredit.47.Distributionprocessingvalueisthevaluedaddedbychangingthelength,thicknessandpackageofgoods.48.Communicationlinkstheentirelogisticsprocesswithcustomers.49.Demandforecastinghelpsmanagerstousetheirresourceseffectively.50.Theprocesstooperateandmanagelogisticscontrolactivities.51.Supplylogisticsistheprocedureinwhichordersaretakenfromcustomersandpurchasesaredeliveredtothewarehousebelongedofthecustomers.52.Distributionprocessingisdifferentfromamanufacturingprocess.53.Distributionlogisticsisthedeliveryprocessinwhichfinalproductsaredeliveredfromsellerstobuyers.包装功能（