牛津英语5A英语语法(二) 名词复数的规则变化

牛津英语5A英语语法(二)名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音后和元音后读/z/map-mapscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加es读/iz/box-boxesclass-classes以ce,se,ze等结尾加s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/iz/baby-babies二．其他复数的规则变化1）以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如：theHenrys’monkey---monkeys2）以o结尾的名词,变复数时：a.加s,如：photo---photospiano---pianosb.加es,如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros/zeroes.3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s,如：belief---beliefsroof---roofsb.去掉f,fe加ves,如：half---halvesknife---knivesc.上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves.三．名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teeth注意:：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans.2）单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4）以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如：a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。5）表示由两部分构成的东西,如：glassestrousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair;suit;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如：goods货物,waters水域,fishes（各种）鱼.四．不可数名词对量的表示1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.（可数）c.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一则建议。练习题1.Wouldyougiveme________,please?A.twopapersB.twopieceofpaperC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers2.Therearethree_____andseven____inthepicture.A.monkeys,sheepsB.monkeys,sheepC.monkies,sheepD.monkies,sheeps3.Alotof____aretalkingwithtwo_______.A.Germans,FrenchmansB.Germen,FrenchmansC.German,FrenchmenD.Germans,Frenchmen4.__________peoplewentouttoseewhathadhappened.A.ThousandsofB.ThreethousandofC.ThousandofD.Threethousands5.Wehavebeenintheschoolfor______.A.threeandahalfmonthB.threeandahalfmonthsC.threemonthandahalfD.threemonthandhalves6._____Englishis_____usefullanguage.A.A,anB./,aC.The,anD.A,/7.Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.A.womendoctorsB.womendoctorC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor8.______travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.A.AlittlemailB.ApieceofmailC.AmailD.Asmallmail9.Hetoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.A.manyJackfriendsB.Jack’smanyfriendsC.manyJack’sfriendD.manyfriendsofJack’s10.Ourteachergaveme______.A.anadviceB.theadviceC.someadviceD.muchadvice答案：1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.B7.A8.B9.D10.C