牛津英语5A英语语法 (五)代词

牛津英语5A英语语法(五)代词一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。二代词的种类：1.人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2.物主代词形容词性的物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性的物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs3.反身代词myself,herself,themselves…4.相互代词有：eachother,oneanother…5.提示代词有：this,that,these,those,those…6.疑问代词who,what,whose…7.关系代词which,that,who…8.连接代词what,who,whose…9.不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词all,each,both,either,neither,one,any…10.指示代词that,this,these,those三代词的使用方法1.人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为反身代词。详件见下表：人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人单hehimhishishimself称数sheherherhersherselfitititsitsItself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves句法功能作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。作宾语介词宾语表语作定语作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours…作宾语,介词宾语,表语主语同为语根据上表的例句如下：Shedoesn’tbelieveus.Whenhearrived,Johnwentstraighttothebank..You’llfindyourbooksamongmineonthebookshelf.-Whoisit?-It’sme.Ourroomisonthefirstfloor,andtheirsisonthesecond.Theythinktoomuchofthemselves.Aweeklater,ImyselfhadtogotoParis.Helpyourself!Wecookforourselves.Isawherwiththem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.ThecapisJack’s.注意：在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。简单记成：单数2,3,1，复数1,2,3。都是三人称，女后男在先。例如：YouandIcanhelpeachother.Theycouldn’thaveseenTomandmethere.You,TomandIareleavingnextmonth.Youortheymustpasstheexam.We,youandtheyshouldgotheretogether.2.疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose)用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。指人：who,whom,whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：which①who与whom.(whom是who的宾格)Whotoldyouthetruth?Whomareyoutalkingwith?②whose,which,what(在非限定的数量中选择用what,在限定的数量中选择which)Whosebookisthis?WhatwasthedirectionalflowofU.S.territorialexpansion?Whichbookyoulikebetter,theEnglishbookortheChinesebook?Whatareyoureadingnow?What’syourfather?Whosebooksaretheseonthedesk?注意：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。Forwhatdomoststudentsstudy?Whatareyoulookingfor?3.指示代词this,these,that,those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。Thisisthebuswewant.Puttheseinyourbag.Myideaisthis.Howdoyouthinkofthisidea?注意：that和those有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。ThebestcoalisthatfromNewcastle.Thosewhowishtogomaysignuphere.4.不定代词用法辨析neither…nor…没有…也没有either…or…不是…就是…both两者都…one…theother…两个中的一个,另一个another再一个,又一个every作定语,每一个.(可以形成合成词everybodyeverything…)each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用.None否定意思,没有一个…5．其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。练习题：1.TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthan________inShenyang.A.thatB.ItC.thisD.one2.Mr.GreenisourEnglishteacher._____comesfromU.S.A.A.heB.sheC.itD.they3.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrow________?A.youB.yourselfC.yoursD.your4.Wouldyoulikesometea?Yes,just_________--.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.littlebit5.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?_________.Thanks,I’vehadenough.A.eitherB.neitherC.someD.both6.Ibought___________exercisebookswith__________money.A.afew,afewB.afew,alittleC.alittle,afewD.alittle,alittle7.Imadethecakeby____________.Help__________,Tom.A.ourselves,yourselfB.myself,yourselfC.myself,youD.me,him8.Enjoy_____________,MayandMary.A.yourselfB.myselfC.yourselvesD.themselves9._____________houseisthis?It’smine.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhoseD.Whose10.Sheisastudentand____________nameisMary.A.sheB.herC.hersD.his11.ShewillgoskatingandIwilldo_________.A.suchB.sameC.thesameasD.thesame12.__________ishe?Heisabusdriver.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what13._____hatisthis?It’s__________.A.Whose,meB.Who,mineC.Whom,hisD.Whose,mine14.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan__________ofJapan.A.oneB.itC.thatD.those15.LiLiiscleverthan_______inhisclass.A.anybodyB.anyoneelseC.elseanyoneD.somebodyelse16._________likemusic.A.BothofthemB.BothoftheyC.ThebothgirlsD.Boththem17.Couldyougivemesomeink?Sorry,Ihave__________inmybottle.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little18.Hehas___________totellus.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing19.Wouldyoulike___________coffee?Yes,I’dlike______________.A.any,anyB.some,someC.some,anyD.any,some20._________oftheteachersareokinourschool.A.everyB.eachC.eitherD.all21.Ofthethreeforeigners,oneisfromLondon,________arefromtheUSA.A.twoothersB.theothertooC.anothertwoD.theboth22.Whichwouldyoulike,sir,teaorcoffee?Idon’tmind._______isok.A.EitherB.NeitherC.AnyD.Both23.Help__________tosomechicken,boysandgirls.A.youB.yoursC.yourselfD.yourselves24.Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?______milkand______eggs.A.Little,alittleB.Afew,fewC.Alittle,afewD.Afew,alittle25.Whotaught______historylastyear?Nobody!Helearnedit_________.A.him,himselfB.his,himselfC.himself,himselfD.his,him26.Thereisn’t_______paperhere.Willyougoandget__________forme?A.any,anyB.any,someC.much,manyD.many,much27.Thefarmerisbusybecausehe’sso__sheeptokeepandso__worktodo.A.much,manyB.many,muchC.many,alotD.alot,much28.On_______sideoftheriverthere’remanytalltrees.AeveryB.allC.bothD.each29.Whosephotoisthis?It’s__________.A.meB.mineC.myD.myself30.Whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?_______isLiPing’sbrother.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.He31.Theoldmanhastwosons,but__________ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all32.Youhavemoreapplest