大学英语-翻译课件-4.2_amplification_and_omission

AmplificationByamplificationwemeansupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworktomaketheversioncorrectandclear,tomakeitappearmorelikethelanguagetranslatedinto.Wordsthussuppliedmustbeindispensablesyntactically,semanticallyorrhetorically.SyntacticnecessityMeasurewords:Totheeastandthesouthafaintpinkisspreading.东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远处扩展。Itwasalsoalimitedengagement.这也是一桩有时间限制的婚约。Iwasextremelyworriedabouther,butthiswasneithertheplacenorthetimeforalectureoranargument.我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。Tensemarkers:Englishproseiselaborateratherthansimple.Itwasnotalwaysso.现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴，过去却并非总是如此。Ihadimaginedittobemerelyagestureofaffection,butitseemsitistosmellthelambandmakesurethatitisherown…原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定是不是自己生的。Pluralmeaning:Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮子是百兽之王。Isawbubblesrisingfromunderthewater.我看见一个个水泡从水下冒了出来。Disappearancesoccurredwithapparentlyincreasingfrequency.失踪事件接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁。Conjunctions&articles：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.送君千里，终有一别。Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.SemanticnecessityNouns:Theseearlycarswereslow,clumsy,andinefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。Sheisnotbornforwifingandmothering.她这个人不是做贤妻良母的料子。WestChina'seconomyisstillbackward.中国西部的经济现在还处于落后状态。Suchself-relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearing.这种自力更生的精神是最重要的育儿观.darkness漆黑一团complacency自满情绪unemployment失业现象backwardness落后状态/面貌RhetoricnecessityDescriptive/auxiliarywords:Comeon!Don'tbeangry!IsaidI'msorry,didn'tI?好啦,别生气啦,我不是说了对不起吗?Allisnotgoldthatglitters.闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子。（增补描述词）Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealths.他们的主人，（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）上菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）说啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。（增加语气助词和概括词语）增译法/增词法英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加，使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的词语。增词一般用于以下三种情况：为了语法上的需要为了意义上的需要为了修辞上的需要Thetime-keepingdevicesofelectronicwatchesaremuchmoreaccuratethanthoseofmechanicalones.电子表的记时装置比机械表的记时装置准确得多。电子表比机械表准确得多。AcomparisonbetweentheChineseversionandtheEnglishoriginalshowsthatmanyofthe“redundant”EnglishwordshavebeenomittedintheChinesetranslation,otherwise,theChinesesentencewouldsoundwordyandunnatural.Therefore,amanipulationofthetechnique“omission”iscalledforinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.Generallyspeaking,omissioninEnglish-Chinesetranslationisusedtoachievetheeffectofsuccinctness,especiallyindealingwithexcessiveuseofEnglishpronounsandsuchfunctionalwordsasarticles,prepositions,conjunctions,etc.Omissionmaybedividedintotwotypes:omissionduetogrammarandomissionduetorhetoric.OmissionduetogrammarOmissionofthepronounPronounsaremorefrequentlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese.Therefore,whentranslatedintoChinese,manyEnglishpronounsmaybeomittedsoastoconformtherenderingtotheaccustomedusageofChineseexpression.OmissionOmissionisatechniqueoppositetoamplification.Asamatterofprinciple,atranslatorisnotsupposedtosubtractanymeaningfromtheoriginalwork.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatatranslatorshouldrefrainfromomittinganywordsatallintranslation.Infact,nothingshowsgreaterdifferenceinsyntaxbetweenEnglishandChinesethantheomissionofwordsinthesentence.Whatisconsiderednecessary,indispensableandevenacharacteristicfeatureinonelanguagemaybedeemeduseless,superfluousorevenastumblingblockintheother.Heputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhisshoulders.他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwiring,itspathanditsgarden.两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间，留心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。Outsideitwaspitch-darkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.这一公式便于测定声音的波长。OmissionofanarticleAnarticleisthehallmarkofanEnglishnoun.WhentranslatedintoChinese,itisusuallyomittedexceptwhenanindefinitearticleisintendedtoindicatethenumeral“one”,or“acertain”.Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.月亮慢慢从海上升起。Anysubstanceismadeupofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquid,oragas.任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组成。Thedirectionofaforcecanberepresentedbyanarrow.力的方向可以用箭头表示。OmissionofaprepositionChineseischaracterizedbyitssuccinctnessandtheprepositionappearslessfrequentlyinChinesethaninEnglish,andthereforeomissionofaprepositionsisacommonpracticeinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共场所不许吸烟。Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.0008.氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008。OmissionofaconjunctionManyconjunctionsareindispensableinEnglishratherthaninChinese.Therefore,omissionoftheconjunctionisacommonpracticeinEnglish-Chinesetranslation.Helookedgloomyandtroubled.他看上去有些忧愁不安。Likechargesrepeleachotherwhileoppositechargesattract.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。OmissionofaverbAsChineseisalanguageofparataxis，itsgrammarisnotsostrictasthatofEnglish,andpredicateverbsinChinesemaysometimesalsobeomitted.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.气压低，沸点就低。Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.如同液体和气体一样，固体也能膨胀和收缩。OmissionduetorhetoricTherearesomethingsthatIhavehappilyseenofthewondrouswayofthespider.我曾有幸目睹了蜘蛛的奇异动态。Herdarkeyesmadelittlereflectedstars.Shewaslookingathimasshewas