青梨物流缓冲衬垫的设计

I摘要目前，关于如何减少果品采后损耗已成为全世界农产品业主要关心的问题之一。果品在流通过程中承受着静载、挤压、振动、跌落冲击等多种载荷形式的作用，从而产生机械损伤，机械损伤也是导致果品采后损耗的最主要原因。本文从果品实际运输环境出发，以果品在流通过程中跌落冲击的特性，并以箱装青梨为对象，对梨子在跌落冲击作用下的损伤进行了深入的研究并设计缓冲衬垫，以期代替现有的缓冲衬垫形式。本文将采用四种不同缓冲结构的箱装梨子分别在三组不同高度进行跌落试验。结果表明，采用设计的包装缓冲衬垫包装梨子时对其保护性最好；同一试验情况况下，包装箱内梨子损伤最严重的总出现在最底层，且损伤体积由底层向顶层逐渐减小；包装箱内梨子的损伤随着跌落高度的增加而增加，且两者之间存在线性关系。文中以跌落试验为基础，研究在同一高度下无缓冲包装的跌落损伤和在现有缓冲包装结构时对箱内青梨的损伤关系。结果表明，在有缓冲包装的情况下特别是在加衬垫和网罩情况下可以大大减少因跌落而造成箱内青梨的损伤，在此基础下对、针对此情况设计了一款缓冲衬垫，并进行了对比试验，结果发现在设计的衬垫的保护性能优于现有的包装，虽然成本略高于现有的的缓冲包装形式，但本设计免除了网罩的使用，更加有利于环保，是未来绿色包装的趋势。关键词：箱装梨子，损伤，设计，缓冲包装，衬垫IIABSTRACTAtpresent,onhowtoreducefruitpostharvestlosseshasbecomeoneoftheownersoftheworldagriculturalproductsconcern.Fruitinthecirculationprocessunderstaticload,extrusion,vibration,dropshocktotheroleofavarietyofloading,resultinginmechanicaldamage,mechanicaldamageisthefruitpost-harvestlossisthemostimportantreason.Fromfruitsactualtransportationenvironmentandfruitinthecirculationprocessofdropimpactofthecharacteristics,andtoboxmountedgreenpearsfortheobject,pearsunderdropimpactdamagecarriedoutthein-depthstudyanddesignofCushion,inordertoreplacethenowsomecushionintheform.Thisarticlewillusefourdifferentbufferstructurecartonspeardroptestinthreedifferentheights.Theresultsshowedthatusingthedesignofthepackagingcushionitsprotectivepackagingpearsbest;aboxthesametestcase,themostseriousinjuryofpearappearinthebottom,andthelesionvolumefromthebottomtothetoplevelgraduallydecreases;thedamageofpearsintheboxwiththeincreaseindropheightincreases,andthereisalinearrelationshipbetweenthetwo.TodroptestisbasedonresearchinthesamehighdegreeofcushioningfallinjuryandthedamageinsidetheGreenPearintheexistingbufferpackagingstructure.Theresultsshowthatthebufferpackaging,especiallyinthecaseoflinersandnetscangreatlyreducetheresultofafallinsidetheGreenPeardamage,onthisbasis,designedacushionforthissituationandcomparativetestresultsshowedthattheprotectivepropertiesinthedesignofthelinerisbetterthantheexistingpackaging,althoughthecostisslightlyhigherthantheexistingbufferinpackagedform,butthedesigneliminatestheuseofnets,amorefavorableandenvironmentalprotection,thefutureofgreenpackagingtrend.Keywords:boxespears,damage,design,cushionpackaging,linerIII目录第1章绪论········································································11.1课题研究背景以及意义·································································21.2国内外的研究现状和发展动态························································21.3果品损伤评价方法·······································································31.4课题研究目的和主要内容······························································41.4.1研究目的·············································································41.4.2研究的主要内容····································································4第2章现有果品包装现状分析、试验装置与试验前期准备·············52.1现有果品包装现状分析···································································52.1.1果品包装方式及类型······························································52.1.2果品包装缓冲材料及类型························································62.1.3包装箱结构与规格分析···························································72.2试验测试装置与设备····································································82.3试验前期准备·············································································82.3.1瓦楞纸箱尺寸的确定······························································82.3.2市面上缓冲件尺寸确定·························································10第3章箱装果品跌落冲击损伤试验研究····································113.1流通环境中的冲击特性分析················································113.2跌落冲击载荷对果品机械损伤的影响············································113.3箱装梨子跌落冲击试验研究·························································123.3.1试验材料与预处理·····························································123.3.2主要仪器与设备································································123.3.3试验设计与步骤································································123.3.4试验结果分析·····································································13第4章箱装果品缓冲垫的设计···············································164.1箱装果品减损包装设计要求及缓冲垫的设计······························16IV4.1.1箱装果品减损包装设计要求···················································164.1.2箱装果品减损包装设计主要内容············································164.1.3缓冲垫的尺寸设计及试样······················································174.2用设计的缓冲垫进行试验···························································184.3设计的缓冲衬垫可行性分析·························································194.3.1四次试验对比分析·····························································194.3.2成本的对比分析································································194.4本章小结·················································································20第5章基于CPS系统对果品减损系统的建议······························215.1采收和加工过程中的减损措施······················································215.2包装减损措施···········································································21结论···················································································23参考文