what-i-have-lived-for

WhatIHaveLivedForBertrandRussellContentsAbouttheAuthorStructureTranslation4123TextanalysisAbouttheauthorBertrandArthurWilliamRussell(b.1872-d.1970)wasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayist,andsocialcritic,bestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.Overthecourseofhislongcareer,Russellmadesignificantcontributions,notjusttologicandphilosophy,buttoabroadrangeofothersubjectsincludingeducation,history,politicaltheoryandreligiousstudies.BertrandRussell(1872-1970)wontheNobelprizeforliteratureforhisHistoryofWesternPhilosophyandwastheco-authorofPrincipiaMathematica.AChronologyofRussell'sLife(1872)BornMay18atRavenscroft,Wales.(1874)Deathofmotherandsister.(1876)Deathoffather;Russell'sgrandfather,LordJohnRussell(theformerPrimeMinister),andgrandmothersucceedinoverturningRussell'sfather'swilltowincustodyofRussellandhisbrother.(1890)EntersTrinityCollege,Cambridge.(1893)Awardedfirst-classB.A.inMathematics.(1894)MarriesAlysPearsallSmith.(1905)Developshistheoryofdescriptions.(1908)ElectedFellowoftheRoyalSociety.(1918)Imprisonedforfivemonthsasaresultofanti-warprotests.(1921)DivorcefromAlysandmarriagetoDoraBlack.(1935)DivorcefromDora.(1936)MarriagetoPatricia(Peter)HelenSpence.(1939)AppointedprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.(1949)AwardedtheOrderofMerit.(1950)AwardedNobelPrizeforLiterature.(1952)DivorcefromPatrica(Peter)andmarriagetoEdithFinch.（1961)Imprisonedforoneweekinconnectionwithanti-nuclearprotests.(1963)EstablishestheBertrandRussellPeaceFoundation.(1970)DiesFebruary02atPenrhyndeudraeth,Wales.VisitedChinain1920ProblemsofChinaCHAPTERXII:THECHINESECHARACTERShortlybeforeIleftChina,aneminentChinesewriterpressedmetosaywhatIconsideredthechiefdefectsoftheChinese.Withsomereluctance,Imentionedthree:avarice,cowardiceandcallousness.(贪心，懦弱，缺乏同情心)AlbertEinsteinRemarksonBertrandRussell'sTheoryofKnowledgeWhentheeditoraskedmetowritesomethingaboutBertrandRussell,myadmirationandrespectforthatauthoratonceinducedmetosayyes.IoweinnumerablyhappyhourstothereadingofRussell'sworks,somethingwhichIcannotsayofanyothercontemporaryscientificwriter,withtheexceptionofThirstedVeiled.ThetextisaProloguetoBertrandRussell'sAutobiographyStructureloveknowledgepityWhatIhavelivedfor.Overallstructure:Thisessayhas5paragraphs:Introduction,Body2-4,Conclusion.Introduction:Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife...Topic1:Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy...Topic2:WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge...Topic3:PainandpityConclusion:Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving...ThelongingforloverelievelonelinessFindtheheavenThesearchforknowledgeUnderstandheartsofmen(mankind)Knowwhythestarsshine（nature）ApprehendthePythagoreanpower（society）UnbearablepityforthesufferingofmankindChildreninfamineVictimstorturedbyoppressorsThewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,painMeaningfulLifeTextAnalysistheheavenrealityWhatIHaveLivedForBringecstasyThreepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofhumankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overagreatoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.hitherandthither:(oldEnglish)oftenusedinpoetryforthepurposeofsobrietyandclassicelegance.Hereandthere:usedindailylanguageWayward:behavinginawaythatisdifferentfromotherpeopleandthatcausesproblemsAwaywardteenagerVerge1.theedgeorborderofaroadorpaththegrassverge2.beonthevergeof:tobeabouttodosomethingJessicawasonthevergeoftears.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy-ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness--thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.Ihavesoughtitfinally,becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseen,inamysticminiature,theprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhat--atlast--Ihavefound.Ecstasy:afeelingofextremehappiness.astateinwhichyoucannotseeorhearwhatishappeningaroundyou,becauseyouarehavingapowerfulreligiousexperience.Relieve:tomakeapain,problem,unpleasantfeelinglesssevereRelieved:Feelinghappybecauseyouarenolongerworriedaboutsomething.Unfathomable:(literary)toostrangeormysterioustobeunderstoodTheunfathomablemysteriesofhumannatureMiniature:1.exactlylikesomethingorsomeonebutmuchsmallerSheishermotherinminiature.2.averysmallpainting,usuallyofapersonprefiguring;(formal)tobeasignthatshowssomethingwillhappenlater.WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofpeople.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.AndIhavetriedtoapprehendthePythagoreanpowerbywhichnumberholdsswayabovetheflux.Alittleofthis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.PythagoreanoforrelatingtoPythagoras(毕达哥拉斯)orhisgeometryPythagorasGreekphilosopherandmathematicianLoveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberatein