高一英语下Unit13单元测试2

Unit13Healthyeating●目标导引Ⅰ.单词及短语fried,stomach,oughtto,examine,plentyof,diet,keepupwith,maketherightchoices,nowandthenⅡ.语法：情态动词(1)hadbetter,should,oughtto●内容精讲Ⅰ.单词及短语精讲1.stomachn.肚子，胃，复数为stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache构成短语有：haveapaininthestomach胃(腹)疼lieonone'sstomach俯卧havethestomachfor…对……有兴趣turnone'sstomach使……恶心onanempty/afullstomach空着肚子/吃饱2.barn.(1)条状物；棒abarofsoap一条肥皂abarofchocolate一条巧克力abarofgold一根金条(2)酒吧acoffeebar(3)固定短语：behindbars在狱中3.plentyof充分的，大量的，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，只用于陈述句，在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many或much。注意：plentyof前面没有冠词a,不可误记成aplentyof。e.g.Makesurethereisplentyoffoodforeveryone.Wehaveplentyofchairshere.inplenty充足地Thereisfoodinplenty.=Thereisplentyoffood.4.dietn.(1)正常饮食abalanceddiet均衡的饮食adietofpotatoes土豆饮食(2)饮食限制goonadiet=beonadiet节食,节食Nosugarinmycoffee;I'mdieting.5.diseasen.疾病aseriousdiseaseoftheliver严重的肝病diseasedadj.有病的e.g.adiseasedplant病态的植物同义词区分：illness,diseaseillness：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。disease:指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。e.g.Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseofillness.几个孩子因为生病没上学。Hehasarareheartdisease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。6.probably与possibly比较(1)probably极有可能,有几分根据的猜测;比possibly所指的可能性大些。e.g.Heisworkinghardandcleveraswellmanypeoplecanhelphim.Hewillprobablywin.(2)possibly可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，经常与情态动词can或may连用。e.g.Shemaypossiblybethegreatestwriterofhergeneration.她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。7.promisev.&n.允诺；答应动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that从句e.g.(1)Theypromisedanimmediatereply.他们答应立刻回复。(2)Hepromisedmetohereatsixo'clock.=Hepromisedmethathewouldbehereatsixo'clock.他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。(3)Ipromisedyounottosaythat.我答应你不说那件事。(4)Itpromisestobewarmthisafternoon.今天下午有望转暖。(5)Heisapromisingboy.他是一个有前途的男孩。名词用法：makeapromise许下诺言giveapromise许下诺言keepapromise信守诺言carryoutapromise履行诺言breakapromise违背诺言8.brainn.(1)用作不可数名词，大脑Thebrainisthecentreofhighernervousactivity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。(2)用作可数名词brains，智力，头脑Shehasagoodbrain.=Shehasgoodbrains.她很聪明。Ⅱ.句子精讲9.Yououghttobecarefulwithfruit.你应该对水果慎重。becareful用法归纳(1)becareful单独使用，当心Becareful！Thepanishot!当心！锅很热。(2)becarefulabout…对……谨慎Ihopeyou'llbecarefulinfutureaboutthethingsyousay.我希望你将来对所说的事情谨慎。(3)becarefulof…留神……Wehavetobecarefulofwhattheyaredoing.我们得留神他们做的什么。(4)becarefulwith…注意……Youmustbemorecarefulwithyourwork.你们需注意你们的工作。有时becareful表示吝啬。He'stoocarefulwithhismoney;heneverbuysadrinkforanyone.他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。(5)becarefulnottodosth.小心不要做……Wewanttobecarefulnottobreakanything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。(6)becareful+从句加以小心Becarefulwhatyoudo.小心你做的一切。10.Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。whoweare为介词of的宾语从句。eatinghabits为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Seeingisbelieving.partof………的一部分Partofthebuildingwasdestroyedinthefire.大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。apartof指不足一半，意为“一小部分”。e.g.WespentapartofourholidayinFrance.我们的一部分假期是在法国度过的。11.Organicvegetablesarevegetablesthataregrownwithoutchemicalsthatcanbeharmfultohumanbeingsandtheenvironment.有机蔬菜是不含对人类及环境有害的化学物的蔬菜。(1)beharmfulto…对……有害be+adj.+tosb./sth.指对某人或某物有……影响或态度如何。begoodto…=bekindto…对……态度好befriendlyto…对……友好becruelto…对……凶残bebadto…对……态度不好bepolite/impoliteto…对……有礼貌/无礼貌berudeto…对……粗鲁(2)harmn.伤害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=beharmfultosb.对某人有害Smokingdoesharmtopeople.吸烟对人们有害。类似的短语还有：dosb.wrong=dowrongtosb.使某人受委屈dosb.good=dogoodtosb.对某人有好处12.Thesamegoesfor“crashdiets”thatsomecompaniessaywillmakeusloseweightfast.某些公司所说的迅速减肥食品也是一样的。(1)gofor…适用于……；应用于……Hethoughtthelunchwasterrible,andthesamegoesforalltherestofustoo.他认为这顿午餐糟透了，我们也有同感。(2)loseweight减肥；与weight构成的词组还有：putonweight=gainweight变胖；overweight过重，超重；underweight重量不足，缺斤短两；byweight以重量计算13.Ifourbodyisshortofanyofitskind,we'llbecomesick.如果我们的身体缺少任何一种，我们就会生病。(1)beshortof缺少I'mshortofmoneythisweek,canyoulendmesome？这个星期我缺钱，你能借给我一点吗？(2)runshort几乎用光We'verunshortofoil.我们已经用光油了。Thesupplyofoilisrunningshort.供应的油快要用光了。14.Cookthechickenandcutitintosmallpieces.将鸡肉煮熟并把它切成小块。cut短语总结：(1)cutinto…把……切成Vegetablesshouldbecutintosmallpiecesanddroppedintotheboilingwater.蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。(2)cutup切碎Momiscuttingupthemeattomakedumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。(3)cutdown砍倒；削减Ifyoucutdownthetrees,youwillruintheland.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.我决定戒烟。(4)cutoff切断，停掉Ourwatersupplyhasbeencutoffagain.我们的供水突然中断。Ⅲ.语法精讲15.情态动词hadbetter,should及oughtto的用法(1)hadbetter最好①加动词原形You'dbettergetsomesleep.你最好睡一会儿。I'dbetternotdisturbhim.我最好不打扰他了。②后接bedoingsth.表示最好立即做某事IthinkI'dbetterbegoing.我想我最好立刻走。③祈使句中had省略Betternotwaitforthem.最好不等他们。④反义疑问句用hadYou'dbetterputawayyoursocks,hadn'tyou?你最好把你的袜子收拾好，难道不行吗？Youhadbetternotfollowher,hadyou？你最好不要跟她，不是吗？(2)should与oughtto应该①oughtto的口气比should稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.你是他的父亲，就应该照顾他。Weshouldnotusetoomanybigwordsinoureverydayspeech.我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。②oughtto的句式变化否定句：Yououghtnot=(oughtn't)towritesocarelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。疑问句：Oughtwetogivehimachancetotry？我们该给他机会试一试?③与完成时连用should/oughttohavedonesth.本应该做……(而实际没做)Weoughttohavefinishedourhomeworkontime.我们本应该按时完成作业。shouldn't/oughtn'ttohavedonesth.本不应该做……(而实际做了)Theyoughtn'ttohavecomebacksolate.他们本不该回来这样晚。●迁移发散16.advise,suggest用法(1)advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事advisedoingsth.建议做某事。advisethat…(should)+动词原形e.g.Iadviseyoutoleavenow.我建议你现在就离开。Iadvisewaitingtillthepropertime.我建议等到适当时机