基于启发式技术优化分布式传感器网络路径研究(IJCNIS-V5-N11-6)

I.J.ComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity,2013,11,42-50PublishedOnlineSeptember2013inMECS()DOI:10.5815/ijcnis.2013.11.06Copyright©2013MECSI.J.ComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity,2013,11,42-50OptimizationofRoutinginDistributedSensorNetworksUsingHeuristicTechniqueApproachLokesh.B.Bhajantri*,Nalini.N***DepartmentofInformationScienceandEngineering,BasaveshwarEngineeringCollege,Bagalkot,Karnataka,India.**DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,NitteMeenakashiInstituteofTechnology(NMIT),[e-mail],[e-mail]—DistributedSensorNetworkconsistssetofdistributednodeshavingthecapabilityofsensing,computationandwirelesscommunications.Powermanagement,variousroutinganddatadisseminationprotocolshavebeenspecificallydesignedforDSN,whereenergyconsumptionisanessentialdesignissuesforrouting.OptimizationofroutingmethodisanessentialforroutingofDSNbecauseoflongcommunicationdistancesbetweendistributedsensornodesandsinknodeinanetworkcangreatlydraintheenergyofsensorsanddecreasethelifetimeofthenetwork.Inthispaper,simulationiscarriedoutforoptimizationofroutinginDSNsusingMATLABsoftware.Theobjectiveistomaximizethenetworklifetimeandimprovetheenergyefficiencyusingheuristictechnique.AproposedGeneticAlgorithmbasedroutingprotocolisusedforsolvinganoptimizationthroughtheevolutionofgenesparameters,whicharecodedbystringsofcharactersornumbersandgeneticoperations(selection,crossoverandmutation)areiterated.Finally,theperformanceparametersfortheproposedschemeareevaluatedandareshownintermsofenergyandroutingefficiency,timecomputationandnetworklifetime.IndexTerms—DistributedSensorNetworks(DSNs),GeneticAlgorithm(GA),Routing,Selection,CrossoverandMutationI.INTRODUCTIONADSNhasasetofdistributedsensornodesthatareinterconnectedbyacommunicationnetworkintheenvironment.Thesensorsaredeeplyembeddeddevicesthatareintegratedwithaphysicalenvironmentandcapableofacquiringsignals,processingthesignals,communicating,contextawarecomputingandperformingcomputationtasks.Whilethisnewclassofnetworkshasthepotentialtoenablewiderangeofapplications,italsoposesseriouschallengeslikerouting,datagatheringanddissemination,frequentnetworktopologychanges,limitedcomputational,memory,powersupplyandsensorsaremorepronetofailures.Withalltheseconstraintsanefficientandeffectivemethodtoextractdatafromthenetworkischallengingtask.DSNprovidesopportunityformanyexcitingapplications,italsoposesmanynewchallengescomparedwithtraditionalnetworksasfollows:shouldbepower-aware,energyefficient,exceptionfreeandunattendedoperationorisselfconfiguring,shouldoperateandmustrespondtoverydynamicenvironment,shouldbedata-centric,dataconcentratedandapplication-specific[1,2].Theroutingisattemptedtodiscovertheroutefordatatransmissionfromsourcestosinknode.Theoptimizationofroutingisanimportantparameterincriticalapplicationslikemilitary,environmentmonitoring,disastermanagement,etc.,whereroutingofdataissignificant.SomeofroutingchallengesanddesignissuesinDSNasfollows:Networkdynamics,nodedeployment,energyconsiderations,datadeliverymodels,nodecapabilities,dataaggregation/fusion.ManyroutingprotocolsareconsideredinDSNenvironmentasfollows:SensorProtocolsforInformationviaNegotiation(SPIN),Low-EnergyAdaptiveClusteringHierarchy(LEACH),GeographicandEnergyAwareRouting(GEAR),andGreedyPerimeterStatelessRouting(GPSR)[3,4].Thepaperisorganizedisasfollows:SectionIIgivesbriefdescriptionofrelatedworkforproposedsystem.SectionIIIpresentsanoverviewofproposedGA.SectionIVpresentsaproposedwork.SimulationmodelispresentedinSectionV.Finally,SectionVIconcludesthepaper.II.RELATEDWORKSSomeoftherelatedworksonroutingandheuristictechniquesareasfollows:Theworkgivenin[5]presentsenergyefficientroutingprotocolinwirelesssensornetworks.Thispaperproposesanewdatatransferprotocolemployedinlarge-scalewirelesssensornetwork.Here,onlyonedesignatedcluster-headsendsthedatareceivedfromothercluster-headstothebasestationduringoneroundofcommunication.Also,adoptamethodthatreplacesweakcluster-headusingaproxynode.Anoptimizationschemeforwirelesssensornetworklocalizationispresentedin[6].Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofcentralizeddistancebasedalgorithmsforestimatingthepositionsofnodesinasensornetwork.Theworkpresentedin[7]describesasurveyonroutingprotocolsforwirelesssensornetworks.ThispapersurveysrecentroutingprotocolsforsensornetworksandOptimizationofRoutinginDistributedSensorNetworksUsingHeuristicTechniqueApproach43Copyright©2013MECSI.J.ComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity,2013,11,42-50presentsaclassificationforthevariousapproachespursued.Theworkpresentedin[8]describesmaintenanceefficientroutinginwirelesssensornetworks.Thispaperpresentsananalysisframeworkofroutingprotocolsthatcanbeappliedtoproducesensorfieldsthataremuchlessexpensivetomaintain.Theframeworkisbasedonamaintenancemodelthatissimple,yetflexibleenoughtocapturerealworlddeploymentscenariosofsensornetworks.Thetechniqueforefficientroutinginwirelesssensornetworkisgivenin[9].Wirelesssensornetworkisatinysensordeviceaboutacubicsizehavingsensorsandsmallbattery,whic