铸造名词术语

1铸造名词术语（GB5611-85）1基本术语1.1铸造foundry,founding,casting1.2铸造工艺foundrytechnology1.3铸件casting1.4砂型铸造sandcastingprocess1.5特种铸造specialcastingprocess2合金性能2.1流动性fluidity2.2充型能力mold-fillingcapacity2.3吸气gasabsorption2.4过冷undercooling,supercooling2.5过冷度degreeofundercooling2.6成核nucleation2.7自发成核（均质成核）homogeneousnucleation2.8非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneousnucleation2.9凝固温度范围solidificationrange2.10定向凝固（顺序凝固）directionalsolidification2.11液态收缩（液体收缩）liquidcontraction2.12凝固收缩solidificationcontraction2.13固态收缩（固体收缩）solidcontraction2.14凝固时间solidificationtime2.15自由收缩freecontraction2.16受阻收缩hinderedcontraction2.17铸件线收缩率shrinkage2.18收缩应力contractionstress2.19热应力thermalstress2.20相变应力transformationstress,phasechangestress2.21铸造应力castingstress2.22残留应力（残余应力）residualstress3铸造用材料3.1金属原材料3.1.1金属原材料metallicrawmaterial3.1.2生铁pigiron3.1.3铁合金ferro-alloy3.1.4回炉料foundryreturns3.1.5中间合金masteralloy3.2燃料3.2.1铸造焦炭foundrycoke3.2.2冶金焦炭metallurgicalcoke3.2.3固定碳fixedcarbon3.3熔剂3.3.1熔剂flux3.3.2除气熔剂（除气剂）degassingflux3.3.3覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂）coveringflux3.3.4精炼熔剂（精炼剂）refiningflux3.4耐火材料3.4.1耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness3.4.2耐火砖firebrick3.4.3耐火粘土fireclay3.4.4硅砖silicabrick3.4.5镁砂grainmagnesite3.5造型材料3.5.1造型材料moldingmaterial3.5.2砂sand3.5.3水洗砂washed-outsand3.5.4硅砂silicasand3.5.5天然砂naturalsand3.5.6人工砂artificialsand3.5.7天然粘土砂naturallyclay-bondedsand3.5.8橄榄石砂olivinesand3.5.9铬铁矿砂chromitesand3.5.10锆砂zirconsand3.5.11炭粒砂carbonsand3.5.12精硅砂sharpsand3.5.13红砂redsand3.5.14熟料砂chamottesand3.5.15粘结剂binder3.5.16粘土clay3.5.17无机粘结剂inorganicbinder3.5.18有机粘结剂organicbinder3.5.19高岭土kaolin3.5.20膨润土bentonite3.5.21钠基膨润土sodiumbentonite3.5.22钙基膨润土calciumbentonite3.5.23活化膨润土activatedbentonite3.5.24干性油dryingoil3.5.25自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂)nobakebinder3.5.26热固树脂粘结剂thermosettingresinbinder3.5.27油类粘结剂oilbasedbinder3.5.28水玻璃粘结剂waterglassbinder,sodiumsilicatebinder3.5.29纸浆废液ligninliquor3.5.30合脂粘结剂syntheticfatbinder3.5.31水玻璃模数sodiumsilicatemodulus3.6辅助材料3.6.1附加物additives3.6.2发热剂exothermicmixture3.6.3分型剂（脱模剂）partingagent,strippingagent3.6.4固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.6.5悬浮剂suspendingagent3.6.6涂料coating23.7砂处理3.7.1型砂制备（砂处理）sandpreparation3.7.2混砂sandmulling,sandmixing3.7.3型砂（造型混合料）moldingsand3.7.4芯砂（造芯混合料）coresand3.7.5合成砂syntheticsand3.7.6自硬砂self-hardeningsand3.7.7水玻璃砂sodiumsilicate-bondedsand3.7.8覆膜砂precoatedsand3.7.9烂砂泥（麻泥）loam3.7.10调匀砂tempersand3.7.11面砂facingsand3.7.12背砂（填充砂）backingsand3.7.13单一砂unitsand3.7.14含泥量claycontent3.7.15含水量moisturecontent3.7.16旧砂floorsand3.7.17枯砂（焦砂）burntsand3.7.18废砂wastesand3.7.19热砂hotsand3.7.20松砂aeration,sand-cutting3.7.21筛分（筛析）screenanalysis3.7.22旧砂处理sandreconditioning3.7.23旧砂再生sandreclamation3.7.24沉降分选elutriation,decantation3.8型砂性能及试验3.8.1型砂试验sandtesting3.8.2透气性permeability3.8.3流动性flowability3.8.4型砂强度sandstrength3.8.5湿强度greenstrength3.8.6干强度drystrength3.8.7耐用性（复用性）durability3.8.8砂型（芯）硬度moldhardness3.8.9热变形hotdeformation3.8.10残留强度retainedstrength3.8.11热强度hotstrength3.8.12韧性toughness3.8.13发气率（发气速度）gasevolutionrate3.8.14发气性（发气量）gasevolution3.8.15吸湿性moistureabsorption3.8.16落砂性knock-outcapability3.8.17潰散性collapsibility3.8.18胶质价colloidindex3.8.19破碎指数shatterindex3.9砂处理设备3.9.1热气流烘砂装置hotpneumatictubedrier3.9.2混砂机sandmuller,sandmixer3.9.3松砂机aerator,sandcutter3.9.4冷却提升机coolingelevator,coolevator3.9.5筛砂机riddle3.9.6磁力滚筒magneticseparator3.9.7旧砂再生设备sandreclamation3.9.8气力输送装置pneumatictubeconveyor4铸造合金4.1铸铁4.1.1铸铁castiron4.1.2铸铁石墨形态morphologyofgraphiteincastiron4.1.3灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）graycastiron4.1.4白口铸铁whitecastiron4.1.5麻口铸铁mottledcastiron4.1.6共晶度degreeofsaturation4.1.7碳当量carbonequivalent4.1.8片状石墨flakegraphite4.1.9初生石墨primarygraphite4.1.10孕育铸铁inoculatedcastiron4.1.11球墨铸铁spheroidalgraphitecastiron,nodulargraphiteiron,ductileiron4.1.12球状石墨spheroidalgraphite,nodulargraphite4.1.13可锻铸铁malleablecastiron4.1.14黑心可锻铸铁blackheartmalleablecastiron4.1.15珠光体可锻铸铁pearliticmalleablecastiron4.1.16铁素体可锻铸铁ferriticmalleablecastiron4.1.17白心可锻铸铁whiteheartmalleablecastiron4.1.18团絮石墨temperedgraphite4.1.19冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chillediron4.1.20耐磨铸铁wearresistingcastiron4.1.21耐热铸铁heatresistingcastiron4.1.22耐酸铸铁acidresistingcastiron4.1.23高硅铸铁highsiliconcastiron4.1.24蠕墨铸铁vermicularcastiron,compactedgraphitecastiron4.1.25蠕虫状石墨vermiculargraphite4.1.26合金铸铁alloycastiron4.2铸钢4.2.1铸钢caststeel4.2.2炭素铸钢carboncastiron4.2.3低合金铸钢lowalloycaststeel4.2.4高锰钢highmanganesesteel4.2.5铁素体钢ferriticsteel4.3铸造非铁合金34.3.1青铜bronze4.3.2铅青铜leadbronze4.3.3铝青铜aluminumbronze4.3.4黄铜brass4.3.5铝铜合金aluminum-copperalloy4.3.6铝镁合金aluminum-magnesiumalloy4.3.7铝硅合金aluminum-siliconalloy4.3.8镁合金magnesiumalloy4.3.9轴承合金（减摩合金）bearingmetal,antifrictionalmetal4.3.10巴氏合金babbittalloy4.3.11钛合金titaniumalloy5熔炼工艺及设备5.1熔炼基本术语5.1.1熔化（熔炼）melting5.1.2重熔remelting5.1.3炉料charge5.1.4熔化率meltingrate5.1.5炉料计算chargecalculation5.1.6双联熔炼duplexing5.1.7元素烧损（元素烧损率）meltinglossesofvariouschemicalelements5.1.8熔炼损耗（烧损）totalmeltingloss5.1.9还原气氛reducingatmosphere5.1.10氧化气氛oxidizingatmosphere5.1.11惰性气体inertgas5.1.12碱度（碱性指数）indexofbasicity5.1.13碱性渣basicslag5.1.14酸性渣acidslag5.1.15精炼refining5.1.16遗传性heredity5.2铸铁熔炼5.2.1风口比tuyereratio5.2.2有效高度effectiveheight5.2.3送风强度blastintensity5.2.4预热送风hotblast5.2.5底焦cokebed5.2.6层焦cokesplit5.2.7隔焦（结力焦）buffercokecharge5.