实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议(中英文)

AgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures(SPS)实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议(SPS协定)SPS协议全称为《实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议》，对国际贸易中的动植物检疫提出了具体的严格的要求，它是WTO协议原则渗透的动植物检疫工作的产物，是世界贸易组织（WTO）在长达8年之久的乌拉圭回合谈判的一个重要的国际多边协议成果。Members,各成员：ReaffirmingthatnoMembershouldbepreventedfromadoptingorenforcingmeasuresnecessarytoprotecthuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth,subjecttotherequirementthatthesemeasuresarenotappliedinamannerwhichwouldconstituteameansofarbitraryorunjustifiablediscriminationbetweenMemberswherethesameconditionsprevailoradisguisedrestrictiononinternationaltrade;重申不应阻止各成员采纳或实施为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必须的措施。只要这些措施的实施方式，不在情形相同的成员之间构成任意或不合理的歧视，或对国际贸易构成变相的限制；Desiringtoimprovethehumanhealth,animalhealthandphytosanitarysituationinallMembers;期望改善各成员的人民健康、动物健康和植物卫生状况；Notingthatsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresareoftenappliedonthebasisofbilateralagreementsorprotocols;注意到动植物卫生检疫措施通常以双边协议或议定书为基础实施；Desiringtheestablishmentofamultilateralframeworkofrulesanddisciplinestoguidethedevelopment,adoptionandenforcementofsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresinordertominimizetheirnegativeeffectsontrade;期望建立规则和纪律的多边框架，以指导动植物卫生检疫措施的制定、采用和实施，从而使其对贸易的消极作用降到最小；Recognizingtheimportantcontributionthatinternationalstandards,guidelinesandrecommendationscanmakeinthisregard;承认国际标准、准则和建议可以在该领域能作出重大贡献；DesiringtofurthertheuseofharmonizedsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresbetweenMembers,onthebasisofinternationalstandards,guidelinesandrecommendationsdevelopedbytherelevantinternationalorganizations,includingtheCodexAlimentariusCommission,theInternationalOfficeofEpizootics,andtherelevantinternationalandregionalorganizationsoperatingwithintheframeworkoftheInternationalPlantProtectionConvention,withoutrequiringMemberstochangetheirappropriatelevelofprotectionofhuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth;期望进一步推动各成员使用以有关国际组织所制定的国际标准、准则和建议为基础的统一的动植物卫生检疫措施，这些国际组织包括国际营养标准委员会，国际兽疫局，以及在国际植物保护公约框架下运行的有关国际和区域组织；但不要求各成员改变其合理的保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的水平；RecognizingthatdevelopingcountryMembersmayencounterspecialdifficultiesincomplyingwiththesanitaryorphytosanitarymeasuresofimportingMembers,andasaconsequenceinaccesstomarkets,andalsointheformulationandapplicationofsanitaryorphytosanitarymeasuresintheirownterritories,anddesiringtoassistthemintheirendeavoursinthisregard;承认发展中国家成员在遵守进口成员的动植物卫生检疫措施方面可能遇到特殊的困难，进而在市场准入以及在其制定和实施国内动植物卫生检疫措施方面也会遇到困难，期望在这方面给予他们帮助；DesiringthereforetoelaboraterulesfortheapplicationoftheprovisionsofGATT1994whichrelatetotheuseofsanitaryorphytosanitarymeasures,inparticulartheprovisionsofArticleXX(b);(1)期望因此对如何实施1994年关贸总协定中与动植物卫生检疫措施有关的条款，特别是第二十条（b）款的实施制定具体规则；Herebyagreeasfollows:协议如下：Article1:GeneralProvisions第一条总则1.ThisAgreementappliestoallsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasureswhichmay,directlyorindirectly,affectinternationaltrade.SuchmeasuresshallbedevelopedandappliedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement.本协议适用于所有可能直接或间接影响国际贸易的动植物卫生检疫措施，这类措施应按照本协议的条款来制定和实施。2.ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,thedefinitionsprovidedinAnnexAshallapply.为本协议之目的，附件1中规定的定义都适用。3.TheannexesareanintegralpartofthisAgreement.各附件是本协议的不可分割的组成部分。4.NothinginthisAgreementshallaffecttherightsofMembersundertheAgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTradewithrespecttomeasuresnotwithinthescopeofthisAgreement.对不在本协议范围之内的措施，本协议不应影响各成员在技术性贸易壁垒协议项下所享有的权利。Article2:BasicRightsandObligations第二条基本权利和义务1.Membershavetherighttotakesanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresnecessaryfortheprotectionofhuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth,providedthatsuchmeasuresarenotinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement.各成员有权采取为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的动植物卫生检疫措施，但这类措施不应违背本协议的规定。2.Membersshallensurethatanysanitaryorphytosanitarymeasureisappliedonlytotheextentnecessarytoprotecthuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth,isbasedonscientificprinciplesandisnotmaintainedwithoutsufficientscientificevidence,exceptasprovidedforinparagraph7ofArticle5.各成员应确保任何动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不超过为保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康所必需的程度，并以科学原理为依据，如无充分的科学依据则不再实施，但第五条第7款规定的除外。3.MembersshallensurethattheirsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresdonotarbitrarilyorunjustifiablydiscriminatebetweenMemberswhereidenticalorsimilarconditionsprevail,includingbetweentheirownterritoryandthatofotherMembers.Sanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresshallnotbeappliedinamannerwhichwouldconstituteadisguisedrestrictiononinternationaltrade.各成员应确保其动植物卫生检疫措施不在情形相同或情形相似的成员之间，包括在成员自己境内和其他成员领土之间构成任意或不合理的歧视。动植物卫生检疫措施的实施不应对国际贸易构成变相的限制。4.SanitaryorphytosanitarymeasureswhichconformtotherelevantprovisionsofthisAgreementshallbepresumedtobeinaccordancewiththeobligationsoftheMembersundertheprovisionsofGATT1994whichrelatetotheuseofsanitaryorphytosanitarymeasures,inparticulartheprovisionsofArticleXX(b).符合本协议有关条款规定的动植物卫生检疫措施，应被认为符合各成员在1994年关贸总协定有关采用动植物卫生检疫措施的义务，特别是第二十条（b）款的规定。Article3:Harmonization第三条协调一致1.Toharmonizesanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresonaswideabasisaspossible,Membersshallbasetheirsanitaryorphytosanitarymeasuresoninternationalstandards,guidelinesorrecommendations,wheretheyexist,exceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisAgreement,andinparticularinparagraph3.为尽可能广泛地协调动植物卫生检疫措施，各成员的动植物卫生检疫措施应以国际标准、准则或建议为依据，除非本协议，特别是第3款中另有规定。2.Sanitaryorphytosanitarymeasureswhichconformtointernationalstandards,guidelinesorre