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-1-Lesson1BasicConceptsinMechanics机械学的基本概念mechanicsn.力学modifyv.修改,调解,变更manageablea.可控制【管理】的inclinev.(使)倾斜rampn.斜板,斜坡【道】slopev.(使)倾斜frictionn.摩擦rollv.滚动multipliern.放大器,乘法器broomn.扫帚convertv.转变【化】handlen.手柄【把】sweepv.扫荡【描】,掠过efficiencyn.效率gaugevt.测【计】量,校验bearingn.轴承idealmechanicaladvantage理想的机械效益neglectvt.忽略Lesson2BasicAssumptioninPlasticityTheory塑性理论的基本假设assumptionn.假定plasticityn.塑性investigatev.调查,研究deformationn.变形metalformingprocess金属成型工艺【过程】strain(rate)n.应变【速率】strengthn.强度stressn.应力yieldstress屈服应力flowstress流动应力tensilestress拉【伸】应力compressivestress压【缩】应力shearstress剪【切】应力geometryn.几何形状elastica.弹性的springbackn.回弹bendingn.弯曲,折弯-2-precisionforming精密成型tolerancen.公差continuumn.连续(体)metallurgicala.冶金(学)的grainn.晶粒dislocationn.位错(uni-,tri-,multi-)axiala.(单,三,多)轴(向)的anisotropyn.各向异性cylindricala.圆柱体的cross-sectionn.横截面platenn.(工作)台板,模板coincidewith一致,相符validityn.正确有效,合法withease轻(而)易(举)的,很容易的Lesson3OptimizationforFiniteElementApplications有限元优化的应用optimizationn.优化,优选(法)finiteelement有限元iterativea.反复的,迭代的alternativen.a.交替(的),可供选择的manuala.手动的,人工的trial-and-error试凑法biasvt,n.(使)偏向【重、差】adesktopplatform(计算机)桌面平台constrain(t)v,n.强制,约束responsen.反【响】应,灵敏度parametern.参数parametrica.参数的preprocessvt.预(先)加工,预处理meshn,v.网格,啮合capabilityn.能力,性能,容量loopn.环,回路,循环posev.提出modeln.模型,样品displacementn.位移,排量,替换bucklingn.弯【翘】曲,挠度factorn.因素gradientn.坡【梯】度,斜率flurn.【电,磁,热,光】通量,流量multidisciplinarya.多学科的deflectionn.偏移【转,离】,挠曲-3-Lesson4Metals金属toughnessn.韧性corrosionn.腐蚀dumpv.倾倒,堆放recylev.反复【循环】利用coppern.铜aluminumn.铝bronzen.青铜(器)alloyn.合金wearv.磨损metallica.(含)金属(制)的specificationn.操作规程,技术要求,说明书extractvt.提炼,萃取ironn.铁carbonn.碳ferrousa.(含)铁的ferrousmetals黑色金属leadn.铅zincn.锌tinn.锡oren.矿(石)mineraln,a.矿物(的)impurityn.杂质,不纯Lesson5MetallicandNonmetallicMaterials金属和非金属材料magnesiumn.镁nickeln.镍brassn.黄铜lustern.光泽ductilityn.延展性,可锻性itislikelythat很可能itiscertainto(inf.)必然,一定densityn.密度bedistinguishedfrom与…区分coefficientn.系数inconnectionwith关于,与…相关【结合】categoryn.种类hardnessn.硬度elasticityn.弹性beamn.横梁,一束(光)penetrationn.贯穿,渗透abrasionn.磨损【耗】rolln,v.轧辊,滚,轧-4-milln.轧钢机,铣床springn.弹簧permanenta.永久的rupturen.破【开】裂stampn.冲压hammern.(锻)锤Lesson6PlasticsandOtherMaterials塑料和其他材料inorganicacid无机酸sulphuricacid硫酸hydrochloricacid盐酸solventn.溶剂carbontetrachloride四氯化碳rigida,n.坚硬的,刚性(的),刚度mould(mold)n.模子,塑模,铸模decorationn.装饰fabricatevt.制造【备】,生产injectionmolding注射模塑(法)blowmolding吹塑(法)compressionmolding压塑(法),模压(法)extrusionn.挤压vacuumforming真空模塑(法)powdermetallurgy粉末冶金constituentn,a.组成【的,部分】,组元simultaneouslyadv.同时subsequentlyadv.随后coherenta.互相凝聚的,协调一致的fusionn.熔化,熔接crystallinen,a.结晶【的】,晶体【的】restrictionn.限制【定】,节流blendn,v.混合【物】,融合pressn,v.压力机,压制homogeneousa.均匀的sintern,vt.烧结【物】Lesson7DieLifeandDieFailure模具的寿命和失效dien.模具,锻【冲】模,凹模dielife模具寿命diefailure模具损坏deteriorationn.变坏,退化,损耗surfacefinish表面光洁度breakdownn.破坏,击穿-5-lubricationn.润滑crackingn.裂纹breakagen.断裂moden.方式,状态,模式thermalfatigue热疲劳layern.层abrasiven,a.(研)磨料(的),磨损(的)impressionn.模膛,型腔(槽)heatchecking热裂纹,龟裂steepn,a.陡(坡)的,急剧的reversaln.颠倒,相反overloadn,v.(使)过【超】载initiationn.开【初】始,发【产】生discretea.不连续的,单个的variablen.变量cavityn.模膛,型槽stockn.坯料,原材料impactn,v.冲击,碰撞Lesson8ColdWorkingandHotWorking冷加工和热加工cold[hot]working冷热加工forgingn.锻造,锻件classificationn.分类recrystallizationn.再结晶takeplace发生strain[deformation]hardening应变【变形】硬化bereferredtoas叫做,称为,被认为是warmworking温加工,温锻ultimatea,n.最终的,首要的,极限stressrelieving消除应力处理austenitica.奥氏体的stainlesssteel不锈钢annealingn.退火grainsize晶粒度solidsolution固溶体refinementn.精炼【制】,细化hazardn.危险,未知数,意外事件inherenta.固有的,先天的,本质的sensitivea.灵敏的,敏感的abnormala.非正常的criticalstrain临界应变-6-Lesson9Casting铸造castingn.铸造【件】die-castingn.模铸【件】foundryn.铸造【车间】pourv.浇注suitabilityn.适应性pigiron生铁cupolan.冲天炉,化铁炉erosionn.腐蚀,(侵、烧)蚀ladlen.铁水包graphiten.石墨solidifyv.(使)凝固disjoinv.拆散,分开ingotn.(钢)锭destructivea.破坏(性)的,有害的retardvt,n.(使)延缓,推迟solventn,a.溶剂(的)copper-basealloy铜基合金Lesson10MetalFormingProcessesinManufacturing制造中的金属成形工艺machine-building机械制造plasticworking塑性加工billetn坯料,锻坯blankn.坯料,(冲压)板坯configurationn.外形,配置,排布stroken.行程,冲程amortizev.阻尼,缓冲,分期偿还reliabilityn.可靠性,安全性drawingn.(锻坯)拔长,【线,管材】拉拔deepdrawing深冲(压)brakeforming【压】折弯(机)成型stretchforming张拉成型militaryn,a.军队【事,人】(的)consumergoods消费品integrityn.完整性,完全(善)jetengine喷气发动机turbinen.涡【汽】轮(机),透平(机)regarding考虑到,关于Lesson11Forging锻造armorn.铠甲immortalizevt.(使)不朽(灭)blacksmithn.锻工-7-mechanicalpress机械压力机hydranlicpress液压机anviln.(锤)砧,砧座craftsmann.技工handlingn.处理,装卸,搬运flexibilityn.柔(韧)性,灵活性drawnout拔长upsetn.镦粗,顶锻closedimpressiondie闭式模锻rapid-impactblow快速冲击,猛打verticala.立式的ramn.锤头,滑块,活动横梁blockn.(模)块draftn.模锻斜度symmetricala.轴对称的sizingn.整形,校正,定径dropforging落锻,锤模锻impressiondieforging模锻finalforging终锻overheatn.过热furnacen.【熔,高】炉pyrometern.高温计Lesson12BenefitsandPrinciplesofForging锻造的优点和工作原理metalworkingn.金属压力加工kneadv.揉搓【制】refinev.精炼【制】,细化porosityn.多孔性,疏松orientv.(使)定【取】向flowline流线stressfield应力场manualskill手工技巧atone’scommand自由使用,支配soundnessn.致密性,坚固性,无缺陷attainablea.可达【得】到的opendieforging自由锻grossn.总共,重大confinevt.限制,约束convertv.转变【换】,更换brokenup破【断】裂,分散microshrinkagen.显微缩孔eliminationn.消除,淘汰alignv.调整,对中,校直-8-Lesson13Welding焊接weld(ing)v,n.焊接,熔焊pressurewelding压力焊spotwelding点焊buttwelding对头(缝)焊fusionwelding熔焊,熔接fiux-shield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