美国文学选读复习提纲

Proses:NathanHawthorne:TheScarletLetter-Chapter2Hawthorne:心理分析小说，以宗教罪恶观sin评价社会。-WhyarewomenespeciallytheelderonessoharshandintoleranttoHester?1.Startledorastonishedbythebeauty,elegantanddignityofHester.2.Thepatriarchalsocietyletwomenhaveeternalizedpatriarchalideas,unfavorableforwomenadulterers.-HowdoestheauthorportrayHesterPrynne?1.Coreimpressiveimage:theartisticallyandfantasticallymadeletterA.2.Appearance-Whatdoesthescarletletterwithgoldthreadandelaborateembroidery(刺绣)suggests?1.ClueofHester’sattitude:shemakesamockeryofherpunishmentbymakingthisplainsymbolofadulteryintoagorgeousdecoration.2.Tonegatetheawfulmeaningoftheletter.3.aspunishment,血红色的A字象征这人们反对humannature,lush,有devilish意味，而Hesterwantstochangeherhumanreality,tomakeitprettierthanitreallyis.-Whatdoes“A”standfor?Adultery/Angel(appearingintheskywhengovernordies)/Able(Hestergainsinfluence)-WhatkindofpersonisChillingworth?1.Devilordevil’semissaryorSatan:coldintellectandoldage,withouthomininefeelingsfromheartandsoul.2.InHester’srecalling,heis“…pale.”SharpContrastHesterChillingworthYoung,beautiful,perfectinfigureOld(inhisdecayingage),ugly,deformed,coldandindifferentHermanMelville:MobyDick-Chapter41CharacterCaptainAhabImageofAmerican:anidealistandanegonist.WillaCather:MissJewettSarahOrneJewett’spoeticprinciplesJewettbothasawriterandapersonCather’spoeticprinciplesAsawriter,Jewetthasherownwritingstyle.Shefocusesontheplaceswhereshelivesandloves,andmakesthemsubject-mattersofherstories.(Wherevershemightbe,ShecarriedtheMaineshore-countrywithher.Sheloveditbyinstinct,andinthelightofwideexperience,fromnearandfromafar.Everyday,ineveryseasonoftheyear,sheenjoyedthebeautifulcountryinwhichshehadthegoodfortunetobeborn.HerloveoftheMainecountrywasthesupremehappinessofherlife.Herstorieswerebutreflections,quiteincidental,ofthatpeculiarandintenselypersonalpleasure.Take,forinstance,thatdear,daybreakparagraphwhichbegins“BytheMorningBoat”:“OnthecoastofMaine…”P127paragraph3)Shewriteswithdelightfulhumorthatcomesfromherdelicateandtactfulhandlingofhernativelanguage.(Herpersonalopinionsshevoicedlightly,half-humorously;anyexpressionwasspontaneous,theoutgrowthoftheimmediateconversation.)And,thedistinctivethingaboutMissJewettisthatshehasherownindividualvoice.(hercommentonthestoryofamule)SherwoodAnderson:TheTriumphoftheEggF.ScottFitzgerald:TheGreatGatsbyErnestHemingway:AClean,Well-LightedPlaceExistentialismandthe“LostGeneration”:AlthoughHemingwaywaswritingyearsbeforeexistentialismbecameaprominentcultureidea,hisquestioningoflifeandhisexperiencesasasearchingmemberofthelostgenerationgavehisworkexistentialistovertones.Nothingness:(nada)anexistentialangstabouthisplaceintheuniverseandanuncertaintyaboutthemeaningoflife.Thestruggletodealwithdespair:theolderwaitercannotactuallystaveoffdespair:ineffectivemethodsincluding:money(bar)/mockingprayers(religion)TheOlderWaiter：Lonely,recognizeshimselfintheoldmanandseeshisownfuture.TheYoungerWaiter:naïveandinsensitive,immature,demonstratesadismissiveattitudetowardhumanlifeingeneral.Symbols:Thecafé-theoppositeofnothingnessCleanlinessandgoodlightingOrderandclarityNothingnessChaotic,confusinganddarkStyle:minimalist/”icebergprinciple”Deceptivepacing:写作风格从简，导致故事节奏忽快忽慢。Conveysonlythemostessentialinformationinthescene.SaulBellow:LookingforMr.GreenCharacteranalysis:RaynorandFieldPoets:19thCentury:WaltWhitman:One’sSelfISingEmilyDickinson:I’mNobody!/SuccessIsCountedSweetest20thCentury:WallaceStevens:AnecdoteoftheJarWilliamCarlosWilliams:TheRedWheelbarrowWilliamCarlosWilliams:SpringandAllRobertFrost:TheRoadNotTaken===RobertLowell:SkunkHourAllenGinsberg:ASupermarketinCalifornia