西方宏观经济学《教学大纲》(英文版)

本科课程《教学大纲》1,课程基本信息课程名称（中、英文）：西方宏观经济学(双语)Macroeconomics课程号（代码）：10207730课程类别：专业基础课学时：51学分：32,CourseDescription:Macroeconomicsisthestudyoftheeconomyasawhole,includinggrowthinincomes,changesintheoveralllevelofpricesandtheunemploymentrate.Macroeconomistsattempttoexplaintheeconomyandtodevisepoliciestoimproveitsperformance.Thiscourseprovidesstudentswithbasicconceptsandtechniquesneededtoanalyzeeconomicproblemsinavarietyofcontexts.StudentswillstudyEconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowth.Thiscourseisdividedintothreeparts:Theoryofbusinesscycles,Theoryofthenationalincomes,andaBriefIntroductiontopolicies.Aftersuccessfulcompletionofthiscoursestudentswillbeabletodemonstratecommandofbasicandmacroeconomicconceptsandgraphicalmodels,andapplythemtonewsituations.3,CourseOutlinePARTONE:THESTUDYOFECONOMICGROWTHANDBUSINESSCYCLES(29Courses)Chapter1:OverviewofMacroeconomicsMajorMacroeconomicConcepts:macroeconomicsvs.microeconomics,grossdomesticproduct(GDP),actualandpotential,employment,unemployment,unemploymentrate,inflation,deflation,consumerpriceindex(CPI),netexports,fiscalpolicy(governmentexpenditures,taxation),money,monetarypolicyAggregateSupplyandDemand:aggregatesupply,aggregatedemand,AScurve,ADcurve,equilibriumofASandAD,sourcesoflong-runeconomicgrowthChapter2:MeasuringEconomicActivityFundamentalConcepts:nationalincomeandproductaccounts(nationalaccounts),realandnominalGDP,GDPdeflator,intermediategoods,valueadded,governmenttransfers,disposableincome(DI)GDP=C+I+G+XNetinvestment=grossinvestment–depreciationNDP=GDP-depreciationInvestment-savingidentity:I=Sinflation,deflation,priceindex:CPI,GDPdeflator,PPIChapter3:ConsumptionandInvestmentConsumptionandSaving:disposableincome,consumption,saving,consumptionandsavingfunctions,personalsavingrates,marginalpropensitytoconsume(MPC),marginalpropensitytosave(MPS),MPC+MPS=1,Break-evenpoint,45degreelineDeterminantsofconsumption:currentdisposableincomepermanentincomewealthInvestment:determinantsofinvestment,roleofinterestratesinI,investmentdemandfunctionChapter4:BusinessFluctuationsandtheTheoryofAggregateDemandBusinessFluctuationsorCycles:businesscycleorbusinessfluctuation,businesscyclephases:peak/trough/expansion/recession,recession,aggregatedemandshiftsandbusinessfluctuations,exogenousandinternalcycletheories,macroeconomicmodelsAggregateDemand:realvariable=nominalvariable/pricelevel,aggregatedemand,ADcurve,majorcomponentsofaggregatedemand:C,I,G,X,downward-slopingADcurvethroughmoney-supplyeffect,factorsunderlyingandshiftingtheADcurveChapter5:TheMultiplierModelTheBasicMultiplierModelC+IscheduletwowaysofviewingGDPdetermination:Plannedsaving=plannedinvestmentPlannedC+plannedI=plannedGDPInvestmentequalssaving:plannedvs.actuallevelsmultipliereffectofinvestmentmultiplier=1+MPC+(MPC)^2+...=1/(1-MPC)=1/MPSGovernmentPurchasesandTaxation:fiscalpolicy:GeffectonequilibriumGDP,TeffectonCCandonGDPMultipliereffectsofgovernmentpurchases(G)andtaxes(T),estimatedmultipliersinpracticeChapter6:Money,Banking,andMonetaryPolicyMoneyandInterestRates:money,narrowmoney(M1),broadmoney(M2),interestrate,realandnominalinterest-rate,motivesformoneydemand:transactionsdemand/assetdemand,interestasopportunitycostofholdingmoney,inflation-indexedbondsBankingandMoneySupply:banks,financialintermediaries,bankreserves,requiredreserveratio,fractional-reservebanking,money-supplymultiplierCentralBanking:bankreserves,Open-marketpurchasesandsales,discountrate,borrowingsfromFed,legalreserverequirements,intermediatetargets,ultimateobjectivesTheMonetaryTransmissionMechanism:demandforandsupplyofmoney,interest-sensitivecomponentsofspending,monetarypolicyintheAS_ADframework,monetarypolicyintheshortrunandthelongrun,neutralityofmoneyPARTTWO:ECONOMICGROWTHANDMACROECONOMICPOLICY(12Courses)Chapter7:TheProcessofEconomicGrowthFourwheelsofgrowth:labor/resources/capital/technologyaggregateproductionfunctionSmith'sgoldenageCapital-laborratioMalthus'limitedlandmodernMalthusianism:limitedresourcesandenvironmentalconstraintsneoclassicalgrowthmodelK/LriseascapitaldeepensnewgrowththeorytechnologyasaproducedgoodRecentproductivitytrends:slowdownandcomputer-ledupturnChapter8:ExchangeRatesandOpen-EconomyMacroeconomicsPrinciplesofInternationalTrade:absoluteandcomparativeadvantage(ordisadvantage),principleofcomparativeadvantage,economicgainsfromtrade,triangularandmultilateraltrade,worldvs.nationalPPFs,consumptionvs.productionpossibilitieswithtradeEconomicsofProtectionism:priceequilibriumwithandwithouttrade,tariff,quota,non-tariffbarriers,effectsoftariffsonprice,imports,anddomesticproduction,mercantilist,cheap,foreignlabor,andretaliatoryarguments,theoptimaltariff,unemployment,andinfant-industryexceptions,WTOandtradenegotiationsC+I+G+Xcurveforopeneconomy:netexports=Ex–Im,domesticdemandvs.spendingonGDP,marginalpropensitytoimport(MPm),multiplier,impactoftradeflowsandexchangeratesonGDP,saving-investmentidentityinanopeneconomies:X=S+(T-G)-Iequilibrationinsaving-investmentmarketinclosedandopeneconomiesgrowthpolici