5-优秀教材特点及编写原则

优秀教材特点与编写原则LectureFiveFeaturesofgoodmaterialsandprinciplesforeffectivematerialsdevelopment优秀教材的特点Workingroupsanddiscuss:Whatdoyouthinka“good”Englishtextbooksshouldbelike?Haveyoueveruseda“verygood”Englishtextbook?Doyouseeanyproblemsinthetextbookyouareusingorhaverecentlyused?•BrianTomlinson,Ph.D.•TESOLProfessor:(TeachingEnglishtoSpeakersofOtherLanguages对外英语教学)•Dr.BrianTomlinsonisconsideredtobeoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsonmaterialsdevelopmentforlanguagelearning.In1993heestablishedtheworld'sfirstMAdedicatedtothestudyofmaterialsdevelopmentforlanguagelearning(attheUniversityofLutonintheUK)andhefoundedMATSDA(theinternationallyrenownedMaterialsDevelopmentAssociation).Dr.BrianTomlinsonisconsideredtobeoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsonmaterialsdevelopmentforlanguagelearning.In1993heestablishedtheworld'sfirstMAdedicatedtothestudyofmaterialsdevelopmentforlanguagelearning(attheUniversityofLutonintheUK)andhefoundedMATSDA(theinternationallyrenownedMaterialsDevelopmentAssociation).20featuresofgoodmaterialspartlytakenfromTomlinson(1998b)•(1)Materialsshouldachieveimpact.•(2)Materialsshouldhelplearnerstofeelatease,•(3)Materialsshouldhelplearnerstodevelopconfidence.•(4)Materialsshouldmeetlearner’sneeds.•(5)Materialsshouldrequireandfacilitatelearnersself-investment.•(6)Materialsshouldgetthelearnersreadytoacquirethepointsbeingtaught.•(7)Materialsshouldexposethelearnerstolanguageinauthenticuse.•(8)Materialsshoulddrawlearners'attentiontolinguisticfeaturesoftheinput.•(9)Materialsshouldprovidethelearnerswithopportunitiestousethetargetlanguagetoachievecommunicativepurposes.•(10)Materialsshouldtakeintoaccountthatthepositiveeffectsofinstruction(teaching)areusuallydelayed.•(11)Materialsshouldtakeintoaccountthatlearnersdifferinlearningstyles.•(12)Materialsshouldtakeintoaccountthatlearnersdifferinaffectivefactorsattitudesandmotivation.•(13)Materialsshouldpermitasilentperiodatthebeginningofinstruction.•(14)Materialsshouldmaximizelearningpotentialbyencouragingintellectual,aestheticandemotionalinvolvementwhichstimulatesbothrightandleftbrainactivities.•(15)Materialsshouldnotrelyt0omuchoncontrolledpractice,•(16)Materialsshouldprovideopportunitiesforoutcomefeedback,•(17)Materialsshouldintroducelearningmethodsandstrategiestosolveproblems.•(18)Materialsshouldprovideastimulustolearning.•(19)Materialsshouldbestudent-centred.•(20)Materialsshouldhelpteacherstoorganizetheteaching-learningprocess.1.Materialsshouldachieveimpact•Novelty:beingnew•Variety:differentactivities/tasks,differenttexts,differentvoices,etc.)•Attractivelayout:attractivecolours,photographs,space•Appealingcontent:topicsofinteresttothetargetlearners;topicswhichofferthepossibilityoflearningsomethingnew;engagingstories;universalthemes;localreferences话题新鲜内容有趣版面美观活动多样1.教材应有吸引力：新、众、美、趣2.Materialsshouldhelplearnerstofeelatease.•feelmorecomfortablewithmaterialswithlotsofwhitespacethantheydowithmaterialsinwhichlotsofdifferentactivitiesarecrammedtogetheronthesamepage;•-aremoreateasewithtextsandillustrationsthattheycanrelatetotheirownculturethantheyarewiththosewhichareculturallyexotic(andthereforepotentiallyalien);•-aremorerelaxedwithmaterialswhichareobviouslytryingtohelpthemtolearnthantheyarewithmaterialswhicharealwaystestingthem.本民族文化适量练习留白2.教材应使学习者感到轻松自在3.Materialsshouldhelplearnerstodevelopconfidence.•theactivitieswhichtryto'push'learnersslightlybeyondtheirexistingproficiencybyengagingthemintaskswhicharestimulatingwhichareproblematicbutwhichareachievabletoo.•theactivitiesencouragelearnerstouseandtodeveloptheirexistingextra-linguisticskills,suchasthosewhichinvolvebeingimaginative,beingcreativeorbeinganalytical.3.教材应帮助学习者树立信心哪种方式更有利于真正帮助学习者树立信心？A.简化语言材料和语言活动，让学生用简化的语言完成简化的任务，如：简单的句型操练。B.让学生运用想象力，创造力等完成略高于自身语言水平的任务，如：编小故事。4.Materialsshouldmeetlearners’needs.•Whatiscoveredinthematerialsshouldberelevantandusefultothelearners.4.教材应满足学习者的需求相关性、实用性5.Materialsshouldrequireandfacilitatelearnerself-investment.•Learningactivitiesrequirethelearnerstomakediscoveriesforthemselves.•Itwouldseemthatlearnersprofitmostiftheyinvestinterest,effortandattentioninthelearningactivity.•Materialscanhelpthemtoachievethisbyprovidingthemwithchoicesoffocusandactivity,bygivingthemtopiccontrolandbyengagingtheminlearner-centreddiscoveryactivities.分析课文，帮助学生自主学习5.教材应有助于学习者自主学习6.Learnersmustbereadytoacquirethepointsbeingtaught.•createsituations•ensurethatthelearnershavegainedsufficientmasteryoverthedevelopmentalfeaturesofthepreviousstagebeforeteachinganewone•roughlytunetheinputsothatitcontainssomefeatureswhichareslightlyaboveeachlearner'scurrentstateofproficiency•getlearnerstofocusattentiononfeaturesofthetargetlanguagewhichtheyhavenotyetacquiredsothattheymightbemoreattentivetothesefeaturesinfutureinput.6.教材内容应当适合学习者的水平，具有较强可学性重大版favouriteteacher•1.教材应有吸引力：新、众、美、趣•2.教材应使学习者感到轻松自在•3.教材应帮助学习者树立信心•4.教材应满足学习者的需求•5.教材应有助于学习者自主学习•6.教材内容应当适合学习者的水平，具有较强可学性7.Materialsshouldexposethelearnerstolanguageinauthenticuse.•Theinputshouldvaryinstyle,mode,mediumandpurposeandshouldberichinfeatureswhicharecharacteristicofauthenticdiscourseinthetarget