Affirmative-action-美国平权法案的利与弊

AffirmativeactionisaUSgovernmentprogramdesignedtopromoteequalaccesstoeducationandvocationalprogramstounderprivilegedminoritygroups.Itisapracticeaimedateliminatingdiscrimination.Itensuresopportunitiesareofferedequallyregardlessofrace,gender,andreligion.Theprogramgoalwastoallowpeopleaccessopportunitiesthatweredifficulttoaccesslikeemploymentorattendingcollege.Pros:1.Promotesdiversity:Affirmativeactionensuresthereisdiversityintheworkplaceenvironment.Thispromotesacultureofhardwork,highperformance,andinnovationwhichwillotherwisebeunavailable.2.Stopsstereotypes:Thehigherpercentageofpeoplechoosetosurroundthemselveswithlike-mindedindividualsandco-workers.Duetotheimplementationofaffirmativeactiontopromotediversity,moreindividualsareabletointeractwitheachotherregardlessoftheirminoritystatus.3.Reversesocietallosses:Overthepast,theminoritygroupshadnoopportunitytobuildwealthandmostofthemfacehistoricaltreatmentlikeslaveryandoppression.Affirmativeactionprogramhasenabledthemtoreverseallthesocietallossestheyhaveexperiencedinthepast.4.Eliminatesocioeconomicdifferences:eliminatingdiscriminationcanhelpbalancetheoverallincomehouseholdreceivedintheUS.ThehouseholdincomeforallUSresidentsisabletogrowequallythuseliminatingsocioeconomicdifferences.5.Reducesbias:Affirmativeactionhasenabledhiringmanagerstomakejustifieddecisionsintherecruitmentprocess.Theyhavetosetasidetheirbiasofcertainethnicgroupsandgiveequalopportunitytoallcandidateslookingforarecruitmentposition.6.Leadstothegrowthofcompanies:Diversitywithintheworkplaceleadstoimprovedrevenuesinthecompany.Bilingualworkerswillnotonlybringthey’reinnovatingskillsbutalsopromotethegrowthofthecompany.7.Attractsapooloftalents:Affirmativeactionenablescompaniestoattractuniquetalentsintotheworkplace.Thisbringsalotofcreativityandinnovationsleadingtothesuccessofthecompany.8.Createsnewbusinessopportunity:CompanieswhichimplementaffirmativeactionpolicyintheUSareabletoreceivegovernmentcontractsandotherlucrativeopportunitiesthatenablethecompanytoexpand.9.Chasedreams:Affirmativeactionenableindividualstopursueacareertheywouldn’thaveconsideredwithouttheimplementationoftheprogram.Therearestillsomegapsinsomefieldseventodaylikewehavefewwomenintechnologyandaeronauticfield.10.Eliminatesocietalgaps:Whenallpeoplearetreatedequallywithinanenvironment,thenitleadstotheeliminationofsomegapsinsociety.Therewillbeareducedwagegap,gender,andminoritygapsincertainindustries.Cons:1.Createsreversediscrimination:Thegoalofaffirmativeactionistoeliminatediscriminationinthesocietybutthisopensanewformofdiscrimination.Givingminoritygroupspreferencesoveranothergroupinsteadofrelyingontheirqualificationisawrongmove.Thispromotesdiscriminationinreverse.2.Generatesunfavorableresults:Workersandstudentsgiventheopportunityviathispolicyarealwaysnorreadyforthetask.Thisaffectsnotonlythebusinessesandschoolsbutalsothatminoritygroup.Theyhavelowself-esteem.3.Affectsproductivityinsociety:Choosingpeoplebasedontheirprotectedclassratherthantheirqualificationcanaffecttheproductivityofthoseindividuals.4.Reducesaccountabilitystandards:Pickingindividualsbasedonminorityclassratherthanqualificationcanlowertheaccountabilitystandardsneededtopushtheemployeesandtheminoritystudentstoperformbetter.5.Reinforcestereotypesandracism:Givingpeopleopportunitiesduetotheirminorityclassratherthanqualificationreinforcestereotypes.Itmakespeoplebelievethatsomecertainclassofpeoplealwaysneedhelpandprotection.6.Destroytheideaofmeritocracy:Affirmativeactionusesraceasadominantfactorineducationandemploymentprocess,whereitisbelievedcertaingroupsshouldalwaysbegivenopportunityregardlessofcolorandrace.7.Diversitymaynotbeachieved:Havingdifferentpeopleinschoolsandtheworkplaceisnotaguaranteeddiversitywillbeachieved.Peoplefromdifferentethnicitiesmaynothavethesameopinionorculture.8.Demeansminorityachievement:Gettingsuccessbasedonaffirmativeactionratherthanhardworkdemeansyourachievements.9.Itisinsultingtominorities:Gettingsuccessthroughaffirmativeactionpolicycanbecondescendingorinsultingtotheminoritysincetheycan’tsucceedontheirownwithoutgettinghelp.10.Personalbiaswillalwaysexist:Althoughaffirmativeactionpolicymaybeputinpractice,therewillalwaysbepersonalbiasinplace.