清华大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析

—thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe'veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Gengduoyuanxiaozhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqi.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswill(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialsinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure—includingroads,barbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.25.Digitaldivideissomething_________.[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor[C]theworldmustguardagainst[D]consideredpositivetoday[A]offerseconomicpotentials[B]canbringforeignfunds[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld27.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_________.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital'scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure[D]acceptingforeigninvestment28.Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon_________.[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpattern[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations名师解析25.Digitaldivideissomething_______.数字鸿沟是______。[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet因为因特网而变得更加糟糕[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor由富裕国家应该承担责任的中国考博辅导首选学校[C]theworldmustguardagainst全世界都要警惕的[D]consideredpositivetoday今天被认为是积极的【答案】C【考点】事实细节题。【分析】通过题干关键词“数字鸿沟”定位到第一段。第一句是对“数字鸿沟”所下的一个定义。其后作者提到，他和妻子20年前就谈到这种隐伏的的危险，这里的“loomingdanger”指的就是“thedigitaldivide”。早在20年前，防止产生这种鸿沟的积极因素还不太明显，而今天作者认为是乐观的。同时定位到第二段，作者提到了“因特网的普及使这种鸿沟正得到缩小”，可见，选项[A]是错误的，“因为因特网而变得糟糕”与原文意思相左。[B]不对，是因为作者没有提到这个方面。在作者看来，这种鸿沟是不好的现象，而网络的普及能帮助世界战胜贫困。[D]的说法显然是错误的，因为作者就是要消除这个鸿沟。26.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit______.政府重视因特网是因为它________。[A]offerseconomicpotentials提供很多经济可能[B]canbringforeignfunds能够带来外国资金[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty能够很快消除世界贫困[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld将世界人民连在一起【答案】A【考点】事实细节题。【分析】定位到第二段，文中提到“政府之所以大力推广因特网是出于因特网可能成为消除贫困的最好的工具的考虑”。第三段更是提到“因特中国考博辅导首选学校网可能具有巨大的潜力”。因此可以判断[A]是正确的。[B]选项认为“可以带来海外投资”，这仅仅是局部因素。[C]选项中，虽然作者提到了“国际互联网的利用可能是战胜贫困的工具”，但这仅仅是一种潜在的力量，并没有说能够很快消除贫困。[D]选项也是因特网的一个主要功能，但是也不是政府重视的主要原因。27.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_________.作者提到美国的案例是为了证明__________政策是对的。[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas为海外提供资金支持[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol防止外国资金控制[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure建设工业基础[D]acceptingforeigninvestment接受外国投资【答案】D【考点】作者意图题。【分析】在第四段，美国和巴西的例子都被作者用以说明抛弃过去的在那种在利用外资上的，过时的反殖民偏见，提出充分利用外资建立电子基础设施的重要性，并且指出，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕。因此可以判断正确选项是[D]。[A]选项把吸收外资的重要性和美国提供海外资金混淆起来。[B]的说法无法从美国这个案例中推断出来。[C]错在“工业”这个概念上。28.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon_____.现在，一个国家的经济看起来极大地依赖于_______。[A]howwelldevelopeditiselectronically它的电子发展程度[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants它是否歧视移民中国考博辅导首选学校[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern它是否接受美国的工业模式[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations它对外国公司的控制有多大【答案】A【考点】推断题。【分析】文章最后一段提到哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕。这里的“第三次浪潮