五档变速器设计说明书

本科学生毕业设计五档变速器设计系部名称：汽车与交通工程学院专业班级：车辆工程B07-2班学生姓名：常圣英指导教师：姚佳岩职称：副教授黑龙江工程学院二○一一年六月TheGraduationDesignforBachelor'sDegreeDesignofTheFivegearTransmissionCandidate：ChangShengyingSpecialty：VehicleEngineeringClass：B07-2Supervisor：Associateprofessor.YaoJiayanHeilongjiangInstituteofTechnology2011-06·Harbin黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计I摘要变速器用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速，是汽车总成部件中的重要组成部分，是主要的传动系统。变速器的结构要求对汽车的动力性、燃料经济性、换档操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动平稳性与效率等都有直接的影响。本文设计研究了三轴式五档手动变速器，其目的主要是基于对机械原理、机械设计、AutoCAD等知识的熟练运用和掌握，同时运用汽车构造、汽车设计、材料力学、互换性测量等学科知识，对三轴式变速器的各部件进行设计，并利用AutoCAD软件绘制装配图和零件图等六项内容。首先，本文将概述变速器的现状和发展趋势，介绍变速器领域的最新发展状况。其次，对工作原理做了阐述，对不同的变速器传动方案进行比较，选择合理的结构方案进行设计。再次，对变速器的各档齿轮和轴以及轴承做了详细的设计计算，并进行了受力分析、强度和刚度校核计算,并为为这些元件选择合适的工程材料及热处理方法。对一些标准件进行了选型以及变速器的传动方案设计。简单讲述了变速器中各部件材料的选择。最后，本文将对变速器换档过程中的重要部件—同步器以及操纵机构进行阐述，讲述同步器的类型、工作原理、选择方法以及重要参数。关键词：变速器；传动比；轴；齿轮；花键；校核黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计IIABSTRACTTransmissiontochangetheenginereachedonthedrivingwheeltorqueandspeed,Automotivetransmissionpartsintheautomobileassemblyofanimportantpartofthemaindrivesystem.Transmissionofthepowerstructureofthevehicle,economy,manipulationofthereliabilityandportability,thesmoothdriveandhaveadirectimpactonefficiency.Thisdesignstudyofthethree-axis5-speedmanualtransmission,thepurposeisbasedontheskillfulofusingmechanictheory,mechanicdesign,AutoCAD.Meanwhile,mypaperisincorporatedstructureofvehicle,designofvehicle,mechanicofmaterials,andsurveyofinterchangeability.Iwilldesignthepartsofthree-shafttransmission,andusingAutoCADsoftware,drawingassemblydrawingsandpartsdiagramsoffiveelements.Atthesametimetheuseofvehicleconstruction,automotivedesign,materialmechanics,interchangeabilityofmeasurementknowledgeofthesubjectsonthethree-axisgearboxdesignfile12.Atfirst,Iwillgiveasummaryofthecurrentsituationandthetendencyofdevelopmentofthevehicletransmission,andintroducethelatestdevelopmentstateinthefieldofthetransmission.Thesecond,Iwillcomparethetransmittingschemeofdifferenttransmission,andchooseabetterstructurescheme.Next,Iwilldosomemechanicanalyses,strength,stiffnesscheckoftheshaftsandgears,whicharetheimportantpartsofthetransmission,andchooseappropriatematerialsandheattreatment.Atlast,Iwillintroducetheoperationmechanismandthesynchronizer,whichplaysanimportantroleinchanginggear.Iwillgiveanaccountofthetype,operation,designprocedureandmajorparameterofthesynchronizer.Atthesupplement,Iwillwritesomethinglikeformula,tableaugraphandsoon.Itmaybehelpfulforthefuturedesign.Keywords:Transmission；TransmissionRatio；Shaft；Gear；spline；Checking黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计目录摘要.........................................................IAbstract....................................................II第1章绪论..................................................11.1汽车变速器的概述.........................................11.2汽车变速器研究状况、发展趋势及成果..........................21.3汽车变速器设计的目的和意义.................................41.4汽车变速器的设计方法和研究内容.............................5第2章变速器的结构方案的确定................................62.1变速器传动机构分析和布置方案的设计..........................62.1.1两轴式变速器和中间轴式变速器的特点分析..................62.1.2变速器倒挡布置方案分析确定............................72.1.3传动机构布置中齿轮安排的分析确定.......................82.2变速器零、部件结构方案分析确定.............................92.2.1齿轮形式...................................................92.2.2变速器自动脱档机构形式分析确定............................102.3本章小结...............................................11第3章变速器主要参数的选择.................................123.1变速器档位数目及各档传动比................................123.1.1变速器档位数目的确定......................................123.1.2主减速比的确定............................................123.1.3变速器Ⅰ档传动比的确定...................................133.1.4变速器各档传动比的确定....................................153.2变速器中心距的确定.......................................153.3变速器的外形尺寸........................................16黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计3.4变速器的齿轮参数的确定...................................173.4.1齿轮齿数..................................................173.4.2齿轮模数..................................................173.4.3齿形、压力角及螺旋角......................................193.4.4齿宽......................................................213.4.5齿顶高系数................................................213.4.6齿轮的修正................................................213.5变速器各档齿轮齿数的分配..................................233.5.1确定一挡齿轮的齿数........................................233.5.2对中心距A进行修正........................................233.5.3确定常啮合传动齿轮副的齿数................................243.5.4确定其他各档的齿数........................................263.5.5确定倒档齿轮齿数..........................................313.6本章小结...............................................33第4章变速器齿轮的设计及校核...............................344.1齿轮的材料选择..........................................344.1.1齿轮坏损形式及避免错失...................................344.1.2齿轮的材料选择...........................................354.2计算各轴的转矩..........................................364.3齿轮的强度计算..........................................364.3.1轮齿的弯曲应力............................................364.3.2轮齿接触应力..............................................394.3.3各档齿轮的强度计算校核.........................