新编英语语法教程第10讲

第10讲动词和动词分类10.1动词分类(一)1.主动词和助动词2.动态动词和静态动词3.及物动词,不及物动词和连系动词英语动词按其在构成动词词组中所起的作用为分主动词和助动词两类.主动词又叫实义动词,能独立作句子的谓语部分.助动词是协助主动词表示不同的语法意义，如否定、疑问、强调或时体态的变化等，或协助表示情态意义.英语的助动词分为三类.1)基本助动词:2)情态助动词3)半助动词bedohavebe用来协助构成进行或被动时,即为助动词.IamlisteningtoaBeethovensymphony.Thestudentswerepraisedbytheprincipal.英语的助动词分为三类.1)基本助动词:bedohavedo用来协助构成否定,疑问或强调时,即为助动词Howdoyoudo?Mywifedoesn’tknowRussian.WhatdidshegivetoHalleckforhisbirthday?Youdolookwell.英语的助动词分为三类.1)基本助动词:bedohavehave用来协助构成完成或完成进行时,即为助动词Joanhasnotseenthatmovie.Ihavebeenworkingherefor20years.Ihadalreadyfinishedthetaskbeforehecamein.Ihadbeenwaitingfor4hourswhenyoucalled.英语的助动词分为三类.1)基本助动词:2)情态助动词3)半助动词bedohave…Ihelpyou?I…hearthephoneringingupstairs.Theyknewit…beverydangerous.We…youahappyweekend.can/could/may/mightcan/couldcould/mightmayWe…comeandhelpwhenyouask.She…havemarriedhimifhehadproposed.Itisnecessarythathe…comebackbefore8p.m..will/would/shall/shouldwouldshould---Youmustfinishthehomeworktoday.---No,Ineedn’t.TheteachersaidthatIcouldhanditinthedayaftertomorrow.Idon’tneedtohanditintoday.Ineedn’thanditintoday.英语的助动词分为三类.1)基本助动词:2)情态助动词3)半助动词bedohave半助动词seemto,havetoImustbuyanewcar.Ihavetobuyanewcar.DoIhavetobuyanewcar?Youdon’thaveto.10.1动词分类(一)1.主动词和助动词2.动态动词和静态动词3.及物动词,不及物动词和连系动词动态动词:一.可持续动作二.表示改变或移动的动作三.短暂动作可持续的动作,可用于进行或非进行体Sheworksatachemicalfactory.Sheisworkingnow.Clarevisitstheclubonceayear.Clareisvisitingtheclub.动态动词:一.可持续动作二.表示改变或移动的动作三.短暂动作变化或移动的动作,可用于进行或非进行体.Itchangescoldrecently.Itischangingcoldrecently.Herecomesthebus.Thebusiscoming.动态动词:一.可持续动作二.表示改变或移动的动作三.短暂动作短暂动作,只能用于非进行体.Hejumpedfromthetopofthebuilding.Heisjumpingtowarmup.Theteacherknockedthedesk.Listen,someoneisknockingatthedoor.静态动词说明主语的特征或状态,无具体动作,因而也就不能有进行体.一.包括主动词的be二.表示“有”的have三.以及类似的意义动词四.表示感觉的动词五.表示心理或情感的动词Jimistall.Jimisbeingtall.Thechildrenarenoisy.Thechildrenarebeingnoisy.静态动词说明主语的特征或状态,无具体动作,因而也就不能有进行体.一.包括主动词的be二.表示“有”的have三.以及类似的意义动词四.表示感觉的动词五.表示心理或情感的动词Ihavealotofworktodo.FrenchdiffersfromEnglishinhavinggenderforallnouns.Thebuscanhold40passengers.Theruleappliestoallthevisitors.静态动词说明主语的特征或状态,无具体动作,因而也就不能有进行体.一.包括主动词的be二.表示“有”的have三.以及类似的意义动词四.表示感觉的动词五.表示心理或情感的动词Ittastesdelicious.Itistastingdelicious.Iamtastingthefoodmadebymyson.Itfeelssoft.Iamfeelingcold.静态动词说明主语的特征或状态,无具体动作,因而也就不能有进行体.一.包括主动词的be二.表示“有”的have三.以及类似的意义动词四.表示感觉的动词五.表示心理或情感的动词Ibelievewehavemetbefore.Iambelievingwehavemetbefore.Ithinkyouareright.Iamthinkingofyou.10.1动词分类(一)1.主动词和助动词2.静态动词和动态动词3.及物动词,不及物动词和连系动词及物动词,其后必须带宾语Johnisplayingcricket.Thenewlampgaveusmorelight.不及物动词,其后不能接宾语Thepresidentisspeaking.连系动词,包括be动词,感观动词,和一些表变化的动词.Itiscoldtoday.Thisclothfeelssoft.Alldishesinthatrestauranttastehot.Itsmellsfragrant.Thespringisdrawingnear.Itturnswarm.Exercise10A1)2)3)4)5)Don’tspeakloudly.ThechildrenaresleepingDon’tdisturbme.Iamthinking.Thechildrenwerejumpingtokeepwarm.Thewomangotmad.Shewashittingherheadagainstthewall.OldTomknowsRussian,buthecan’tspeakitwell.6)7)8)9)10)Ihopeshelikestheseroses.Halleckresembleshisfatherverymuchindispositionandappearance.Thismaterialfeelssoft.Ibelievewewillcertainlyachievesuccess.LastnightwedinedataThairestaurant.Therealmostallthedishestastehot.11)12)13)14)15)Ingrammar,EnglishdiffersgreatlyfromSpanish.Thisbuscanhold40people.Thisruleappliestoallthetourists.Theyweretalkingaboutpollutionoftheenvironment.Springishere.Thetreetopsareturninggreen.16)17)18)19)20)Theeconomicsituationtherehaschangedfrombadtoworse.I’mgettingold.Ican’twalksuchalongdistance.Thistrunkweighs50kilos.Surelyyouareimaginingthings.Iamnotfeelingverytired.Exercise10C1)2)3)4)Thiscaseisbeinglookedintobythepolice.Beforelongthechildrenhadtakentotheirnewteacher.Wecan’trelyonothercountriestohelpustideoverthedifficulty.TheFirstWorldWarbrokeoutin1914.5)6)7)8)Whenshecameto,shefoundherselflyinginahospital.Hewasnotreallysad.Hewasjustputtingon.Somenewproblemscroppedupatthelastminute.Asmostmemberswereabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.9)10)11)12)13)Canyoufigureoutawaytosolvethisproblem?Whenhewascriticized,heflaredup.Don’tbetakenin.Igotveryangrythatheshouldcomeoutwiththatruderemark.Youmustworkhard,oryouwon’tbeabletokeepupwiththerestoftheclass.14)15)16)17)Sophieisgoingtotakeadayofftomorrow;Imustfillinforher.Wearegoingtobringupthisquestionatthenextmeeting.I’mlookingforwardtomeetingyouinShanghai.WealllookuptoDoctorLin,becausesheservespatientsselflessly.18)19)20)HeworkedintheUnitedStatesforthreeyears,andhemadethemostoftheopportunitytoimprovehisEnglish.Shewassolazythatshemadeamessofherroom.Thisisausedcar;ithaschangedhandsseveraltimes.