420营运管理策略教材

ToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.WhatisaProcess•aPROCESSisanyactivityorgroupofactivitiesthattakesoneormoreinputs,transformsandaddsvaluetothem,andprovidesoneormoreoutputsforitscustomers.InputsOutputsFeedbackTransformationProcessAndOperationsToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.TheFunnelandProcessIt’sallaboutthru-putDuhaimeAssociatesMANAGINGTHETYPICALMANUFACTURINGOPERATIONORDERSIN..OUTPUTWECANMANAGEHEREANDWECANMANAGEHERECAPACITYWORK-INPROCESSLOADMANUFACTURINGLEADTIMEToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.TheBigPictureKingSoopersBakery7000loaves/hr1000pastries/hr50cakes/hrBreadlinePastrylineCakelineHighLowToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.TheBigPictureKingSoopersBakeryToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.VerticalIntegrationRawmaterials(eggs,flour,sugar)KingSoopersCustomers(grocerystores)BackwardintegrationForwardintegrationIn-houseprocessesFigure3.3ToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ProcessMatrixProjectJobShopBatchLineContinuousCapacityCapitalinvestmentFlexibilityWorkforceCapacityVolumeAutomationToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.VolumeandProcessDecisionsforManufacturingHighLowVolumeFigure3.5Projectprocess•SelectinglocationfornewplantinEurope•InstallingERPforamanufacturingfirm’sbusinessprocessesJobprocess•Machiningprecisionmetaltubes•InternalconsultingteamatmanufacturingfirmBatchprocess•Forgingprocesstomakefittingsforpressurevesselsaccess•ProducingabatchoftextbooksatR.R.Donnelley’splantLineprocess•Autoassembly•KingSoopersbreadlineContinuousprocess•Oilrefiningprocess•Borden’spastamakingprocessProcessdesignchoicesToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.VolumeandProcessDecisionsforManufacturingHighLowVolumeLessverticalintegrationMoreresourceflexibilityMorecustomerinvolvementLesscapitalintensity/automationMoreverticalintegrationLessresourceflexibilityLesscustomerinvolvementMorecapitalintensity/automationLowvolume,make-to-orderprocessHighvolume,make-to-stockprocessFigure3.5Projectprocess•SelectinglocationfornewplantinEurope•InstallingERPforamanufacturingfirm’sbusinessprocessesJobprocess•Machiningprecisionmetaltubes•InternalconsultingteamatmanufacturingfirmBatchprocess•Forgingprocesstomakefittingsforpressurevesselsaccess•ProducingabatchoftextbooksatR.R.Donnelley’splantLineprocess•Autoassembly•KingSoopersbreadlineContinuousprocess•Oilrefiningprocess•Borden’spastamakingprocessProcessdesignchoicesToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.VolumeandProcessDecisionsforServicesHighLowVolumeFigure3.6Projectprocess•Realestateprocessforleasingandconstructingfacilitiesforlargeinsurancecompany•Studentteam’sfieldprojectJobprocess•Customerserviceprocessatfinancialservicesfirm•GeneralmedicalpracticeBatchprocess•Orderfulfillmentprocessofimporter/distributor•PlacingpurchaseordersatpublicrelationsagencyLineprocess•Cafeterialine•TellerlineatbankContinuousprocess•Powergenerationplant•ProvidingtelephonelineaccessProcessdesignchoicesToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.VolumeandProcessDecisionsforServicesProcessdesignchoicesLessverticalintegrationMoreresourceflexibilityMorecustomerinvolvementLesscapitalintensity/automationMoreverticalintegrationLessresourceflexibilityLesscustomerinvolvementMorecapitalintensity/automationLowvolume,customized-serviceprocessHighvolume,standardized-serviceprocessHighLowVolumeFigure3.6Projectprocess•Realestateprocessforleasingandconstructingfacilitiesforlargeinsurancecompany•Studentteam’sfieldprojectJobprocess•Customerserviceprocessatfinancialservicesfirm•GeneralmedicalpracticeBatchprocess•Orderfulfillmentprocessofimporter/distributor•PlacingpurchaseordersatpublicrelationsagencyLineprocess•Cafeterialine•TellerlineatbankContinuousprocess•Powergenerationplant•ProvidingtelephonelineaccessToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.CostsandVolumeUnitsperyear(Q)Process2:Special-purposeequipmentProcess1:General-purposeequipmentBreak-evenquantityF2F1Totalcost(dollars)Figure3.4ToAccompanyKrajewski&RitzmanOperationsManagement:StrategyandAnalysis,SixthEdition©2002PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ThreeTechniquesforEvaluatingProcesses•FlowDiagrams•ProcessCharts•SimulationModelsToAccompanyKrajewski&Ritzm