您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 市场营销 > 生产与运作管理-Training
1生产与运作管理----AnIntroductionDr.JinxingXieDepartmentofMathematicalSciencesTsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China~jxieEmail:jxie@math.tsinghua.edu.cnVoice:(86-10)62787812Fax:(86-10)62785847Office:Rm.1202,NewScienceBuilding2OutlineWhatisProd.&OperationsManagement(POM)?–DefinitionofOM–OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EMTheHeritageofOMWhatOperationsManagersdo?ExcitingNewTrendsinOMResearchMethodsAcademicSocietiesOMRelatedJournals3WhatisOperationsManagement?运作管理就是对公司(或组织)的提供主要产品或服务的系统进行设计、运行、评价和改进。OMisthesetofactivitiesthatcreatesgoodsandservicesbytransforminginputsintooutputs.OMisthebusinessfunctionthatmanagesthatpartofabusinessthattransformsrawmaterialsandhumaninputsintogoodsandservicesofhighervalue.(narrowview)4市场企业战略运作战略财务战略营销战略运作管理人力工厂部件工艺计划与控制系统输入原料顾客输出产品服务生产系统(5P)OM概要模型其他名称:运作管理生产管理;运营管理工业管理;工厂管理5OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EM运作管理是管理的一个领域(管理职能)OR/MS是各领域在制定决策时都可能遇到的定量方法SS/SE强调的是系统观点、系统方法IE/EM主要关注如何更好地利用企业的资源,解决工程问题(如工业自动化等)OMOR/MSSS/SEIE/EM6TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早期概念–专业化;标准化零部件1880-1910:科学管理时代–Gantt图;动作/时间研究;过程分析;排队论1910-1980:大批量生产时代–流水线;经济批量;线性规划;PERT/CPM;MRP1980-1995:精益生产时代–JIT;TQM;EDI;CAD/CAM/CAPP1995-:大批量、顾客化生产时代–全球化;信息化(INTERNET;E-Commerce)–敏捷制造;BPR;ERP;主动学习的组织–供应链管理(SCM);物流(Logistics)成本质量顾客作为学科,OM诞生于50年代末60年代初7GoodsandservicesdesignWhatproductshouldweoffer?Howshouldwedesigntheseproductsandservices?ManagingqualityWhoisresponsibleforquality?Howdowedefinethequalitywewantinourserviceorproduct?ProcessandcapacitydesignWhatprocesswilltheseproductsrequireandinwhatorder?Whatequipmentandtechnologyisnecessaryfortheseprocesses?WhatOperationsManagersdo?(Top10ResearchDirections)8LocationstrategiesWhereshouldweputthefacility?Onwhatcriteriashouldwebasthelocationdecision?LayoutdesignHowshouldwearrangethefacility?Howlargemustthefacilitybetomeetourplan?HumanresourcesandjobdesignHowdoweprovideareasonableworkenvironment?Howmuchcanweexpectouremployeestoproduce?SupplychainmanagementShouldwebuyorproducethecomponent?Whoareoursuppliersandwhocanintegrateintooure-commerceprogram?WhatOperationsManagersdo?(Top10ResearchDirections)9InventorycontrolHowmuchinventoryofeachitemshouldwehave?Whendowereorder?Intermediate,short-term,andprojectschedulingIssubcontractingproductionagoodidea?Arewebetteroffkeepingpeopleonthepayrollduringslowdowns?MaintenanceWhoisresponsibleformaintenance?WhatOperationsManagersdo?(Top10ResearchDirections)10ExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalornationalfocusGlobalfocus,internationalOMBatch(large)shipmentsJust-in-timeshipmentsLow-bidpurchasingSupplychainpartners,ERP,e-CommerceLengthyproductdevelopmentRapidproductdevelopment,alliancesStandardizedproductsMasscustomizationJobspecializationEmpoweredemployees,teams,andleanproduction11ImportantResearchField-ServiceOperationsManagementIntangibleProducedandconsumedsimultaneouslyUniqueHighcustomerinteractionInconsistentproductdefinitionKnowledge-basedDispersedDifficulttoautomateDifficulttomeasurequality…….12StrategicTacticOperationalLevelsofDecisionQualitativeQuantitativeResearchMethods13ResearchMethodsEmpirical–Casestudy–Survey–Panelstudy–DatabaseTheoreticmodels–Deterministicmodels–UncertaintymodelsSimulationExpertsystem(knowledgemodel)SimulationMotivationandObjectiveExperimentdesignIndependentvariablesDependentvariablesSimulationrunDataanalysisFindingsInsights14建立OR/MS理论模型的一般步骤模型准备模型假设模型构成模型求解模型分析模型检验模型应用Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation15Dedicated–INFORMS(AmeagerofORSAandTIMS)Inparticular,MSOM(ManufacturingandServiceOM)–POM(ProductionandOperationsManagementSociety)–EUROMA(EuropeanOperationsManagementAssociation)Related–AcademyofManagement–DSI(DecisionSciencesInstitute)–APICS(AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety)–IIE(InstituteofIndustrialEngineering)–EURO(EuropeanOperationalResearchSociety)–……AcademicSocieties16EstablishedMarch1999,NewestwithinINFORMSMembership:950,LargestwithinINFORMSSocietyWebpage:ThemethodswhichMSOMmembersapplyinordertohelptheoperationsfunctionaddvaluetoproductsandservicesarederivedfromawiderangeofscientificfields,includingoperationsresearchandmanagementscience,mathematics,economics,statistics,informationsystemsandartificialintelligence.ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagementSociety17SourceofReferencesTopjournal:OperationsResearch(OR);ManagementScience(MS)Quasi-Topjournal:ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagement(MSOM)IIETransactions(IIET)NavalResearchLogistics(NRL)MathematicsofOperationsResearch(MOR)Journalofoperationsmanagement(JOM)OperationsResearchLetters(ORL)Majorjournal:EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch(EJOR)ProductionandOperationsManagement(POM)InternationalJournalofProductionResearch(IJPR)InternationalJournalofProductionEconomics(IJPE)JournaloftheOperationalResearchSociety(JORS)COR(Computers&OR);CIE(Computers&IE)ProductionPlanandControl(PPC)…18OMRelatedJournalsJOM(J.ofOM)IJOPM(Int.J.Op.Prod.Mgmt.)POM(Prod.&OM)IJPR(Int.J.ofProd.Research)IJPE(Int.J.ofProd.Economics)PIMJ(Prod.Invent.Mgmt.J.)MS(Ma
本文标题:生产与运作管理-Training
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-791979 .html