2018-2019学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology课下能力提升（十）（含解析

1EvaluationWarning:ThedocumentwascreatedwithSpire.Docfor.NET.Unit21HumanBiology课下能力提升（十）Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词1．Hetreatedhissubordinates(部下)withrespectduringhistermofoffice.2．Thetradeinweaponsisprohibitedinmanycountries.3．Atthenewsofhisdeath,thewholenationmournedforhim,whowasagreatnationalhero.4．Holdingtheprescriptiongivenbythedoctor,hecametothechemist'sforthemedicine.5．Badweatherforcedustopostpone(推迟)Saturday'sgame.6．Ifthedangerhadbeenforeseen(预见),probablyitcouldhavebeenavoided.7．Simonhaslongbeenworkinginthefieldandisfamiliarwiththedetailsofofficeroutine(常规)．8．Havinglivedinthecountrysidesolong,Joenowhastroublefittinginwiththeurban(城市的)life.Ⅱ.选词填空sendout，straightaway，makeup，relateto，upto，havefaithin，diefrom，alackof1．Kindnessandgenerosityarethemainqualitiesthatmake_uphercharacter.2．Withouttheweaksignalssent_outfromthemobilephone,therescuememberscouldn'thavefoundthedyingperson.3．Therelativesofthepatientdemandedthatthehospitalgivethemaresponsestraight_away.4．Asurveybysomepsychologistsshowsthatwealthisseldomrelated_tohappiness.5．Up_totwohundredpeoplewereonboardtheship.6．Herdecisionseemstoshowa_lack_ofpoliticaljudgement.7．Morethan5,000squarekilometresofforestshavedied_fromthepollutedairsofar.8．Keepyoureyesopenandbewillingtochange,buthave_faith_inyourself.Ⅲ.课文缩写语法填空EpidemicsthroughouthistoryWithrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenBirdFluandakillerepidemicinthepast,JimSmithlooks1.throughthehistoryofepidemicsforclues2aboutwhatthefuturemighthold.SinceBirdFlufirstappearedin1997,ithastakenmorethanahundredlives.Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhostudiedtissuefromthebodiesofpeoplewhodied2.ofthe1918SpanishFluprovedthatBirdFluisamodern3.adaptation(adapt)ofthesamevirus.Oneofthe4.earliest(early)epidemicsonrecordhappenedabout500～550ADwhentheRomanemperoratthetimewasattemptingtorebuildtheRomanEmpire.ThisepidemicsweptthroughNorthAfrica,theMiddleEastandEurope.InurbanareasalloverEurope,Asia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast,uptoonehalfofthepopulationwaslosttotheBlackDeath.AnotherepidemicthatspreadinsimilarconditionswastheGreatFluEpidemicof1918,alsocalledtheSpanishFlu.It5.struck(strike)neartheendoftheFirstWorldWarandleftfamilies6.mourning(mourn)worldwide.TheSARSepidemicbeganin2002withalungdiseaseinGuangdongProvinceandspreadquicklyafterDrLiuJianjun,thecarrier,cametoHongKongandpassedthevirustopeoplewhocarriedittoCanada,VietnamandSingapore.NoonereallyknewmuchaboutSARSasitwascompletelynew.Thismeantthattherewerenoprescriptiondrugsortablets7.to_treat(treat)itanddoctorswerenotsurehowtopreventiteither.Meanwhile,governmentsworldwidehavealsounderlinedthefactthat8.thoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonBirdFluneedstoleadtoacureassoonaspossible.CountrieswillneedtoworktogethertodothisastheSARSepidemicprovedhowteamwork9.amongnationscansavelives.Withalltheinternationaleffortbeingmade,wehavetohave10.faith(faithful)thattherewillbesolutionsintimetostopaBirdFluepidemicinitstracks.Ⅳ.阅读理解Themostcomplexobjectknowntohumanityisthehumanbrain—andnotonlyisitcomplex,butitisoneofthefewnaturalphenomenathatsciencehasnoconsciousnessof.Totrytoreplicate(复制)somethingthatissopoorlyunderstoodmaythereforeseemlikepride.Butyouhavetostartsomewhere,andInternationalBusinessMachines(IBM)andtheEcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanne(EPFL),inSwitzerland,proposetostartbyreplicating“insilico”，oneofthebrain'sbuildingblocks.Inapartnershipannounced,thetwoorganizationssaidthey3wouldbeworkingtogethertobuildasimulation(模拟)ofastructureknownasaneo­cortical(新大脑皮质的)columnonatypeofIBMsupercomputerthatiscurrentlyusedtostudythemolecularfunctioningofgenes.Ifthatworks,theyplantousemorepowerfulcomputerstolinksuchsimulatedcolumnstogetherintosomethingthatmimics(模仿)abrain.Inarealbrain,aneo­corticalcolumnisacylindrical(圆柱形的)elementaboutathirdofamillimeterindiameterandthreemillimeterslong.Itisthesecolumns,arrangedsidebysidelikethecellsofahoneycomb,whichmakeupthefamous“greymatter”thathasbecomeshorthandforhumanintelligence.TheBlueGene/Lsupercomputerthatwillbeusedforthesimulationconsistsofenoughindependentprocessorsforeachtobeprogrammedtomimicanindividualnervecellinacolumn.TheEPFL'scontributiontotheBlueBrainProjectwillbetocreateadigitaldescriptionofhowthecolumnsbehave.ThedatabasefromitsBrainMindInstitutewillprovidetherawmaterialforthesimulation.Biologistsandcomputerscientistswillthenconnecttheartificialnervecellsupinawaythatmimicsnature.Theywilldosobyassigningelectricalproperties(电能)tothem,andtellingthemhowtocommunicatewitheachotherandhowtheyshouldmodifytheirconnectionswithoneanotherdependingontheiractivity.That_will_be_no_mean_feat.Evenasinglenervecelliscomplicated,notleastbecauseeachonehasabout10,000connectionswithothers.Andnervecellscomeingreatvariety—relying,forexample,ondifferentchemicaltransmitterstocarrymessagesacrossthoseconnections.Eventually,however,adigitalrepresentationofanentirecolumnshouldoccur.AssumingthatthegrowthofcomputingpowercontinuestofollowMoore'sLaw,theleaderofIBM'ssidethinksitshouldbepracticaltomimicanentirehumanbraininsilicothiswayintentofifteenyears.Suchana