2021学年新教材高中英语Unit1Laughoutloud突破语法大冲关学案外研版选择性必修第一册

-1-Unit1Laughoutloud[观察例句]1．Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea，wherethere'safamiliaratmosphereofboredomandtension.2．Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs，lookingthrougholdmagazines，allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.3．InthemiddleofthisparticularsceneIspotasmallgirlwhoseankleistwiceitsnormalsize.4．Ispeakwiththeon­dutynurse，whotellsmethatLara'sparentsrushedhertothehospital...5．Scientificstudiesshowthatlaughterproduceschemicalstomakepeoplefeelbetter，whichmeansclowndoctorscanbehelpful.[归纳用法]一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述1．限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词起限制确定作用。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，两者之间一般不可用逗号隔开。Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。Hehastwosisters，whoareworkinginthecity.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别除了在标点运用及从句的作用方面不同之外，这两类定语从句还有一些区别。1．关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。Yesterdayheboughtanewcar，whichwasmadeinChina.(which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。Hedidn'tgivethereason，whichexplainedhisabsencefromthemeetingheldlast-2-week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，Hedidn'tgivethereason，forwhichhewasabsentfromthemeetingheldlastweek.对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。[即时训练]①Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.②I'msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier，forwhich，Imustsay，Iapologize.2．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。Hewonthefirstprizeinthecontest，whichwasmorethanweexpected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。3．关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、状语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetherincollege.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which)Sheisnottheone(that)sheusedtobe.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语)4．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?上星期天我们用的机器是哪一台？Theconcert，whichwasheldlastweek，wasagreatsuccess.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。Hemaybelate，inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas-3-位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如……，正像……的那样”Theairqualityinthecity，asisshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ThisisallthatIknowaboutthematter.2．Thedaywillcomewhenpeopleallovertheworldwinindependence.3．Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedwasdestroyedintheflood.4．Weshouldn'tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople，mostofwhomarehealthy.5．Thefamousbasketballstar，Jordan，whotriedtomakeacomeback，attractedalotofattention.6．MexicoCity，whichhasapopulationofover10million，isprobablythefastestgrowingcityintheworld.7．Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools，museums，andsomeotherplaceswhereothervisitorsseldomgo.8．Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.9．Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，eachofwhichusesitdifferently.10．IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Mary，1.whosedrawingswereshownattheexhibitionlastmonth，isamodelstudent，2.whoisoftenpraiseforhergoodworkatschool.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall，oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture，3.whichwashungonthewallin-4-frontofus.Thehorse4.whichwasdrawninthepicturewas5.exactly(exact)likearealhorse.Theman6.whowasridingonitlookedlikealivingman.Itwasthebestpicture7.thatIhadeverseen，andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainterthatIhaveeverheardof.However，youwillbequite8.mistaken(mistake)ifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter.Oneofher9.teachers(teacher)toldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawinguntilshebecamethebestyoungpainter10.thathaseverbeenheardofinherhometown.