2021学年新教材高中英语Unit5Revealingnature预习新知早知道学案外研版选择性必修

-1-Unit5RevealingnatureⅠ.匹配词义a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。()1.seedA．v.产生，创造()2.centimetreB．v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于()3.generateC．n.种子，籽()4.blameD．adj.原始的，低等的()5.primitiveE．n.厘米[答案]1－5CEABDb．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。()1.betoblameA．是耻辱，是丢脸的事()2.adapttoB．源于……的，原产于……()3.beadisgraceC．适用于()4.benativetoD．导致()5.leadtoE．该受责备[答案]1－5ECABDⅡ.默写单词1．distantadj.遥远的2．samplen．样本3．suspectv．猜想，怀疑4．ancestorn．祖先5．goatn．山羊6．characteristicn．特征，特性7．declinev．减少8．rootn．根9．detectv．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)10．linkv．把……联系起来；连接Ⅰ.语境填空detect；generate；decline；primitive；centimetre；link；blame；characteristic；-2-sample；root1．Thelengthofthispencilisseventeencentimetres.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthebondsthatlinkthem?3．Theyfoundaprimitivetoolinthemountain.4．IhavenoonetoblamebutmyselfforwhatIhavedone.5．TheUSinvestmentbankthinkspriceswilldeclineuntilwellintonextyearbeforerecoveringinthesecondhalfof2009.6．Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.7．Forsecurityreason，wehavegeneratedacomplicatedpasswordforyou.8．Theshipmentdoesnotcheckwiththesample.9．Thisisaninstrumentthatcandetectsmallamountsofradiation.10．Therootofthisdeadtreehasbeengnawedawaybyants.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Canyoudistinguishtheobjectsinthedistance(distant)?2．Thepolicewillkeepaneyeopenforthesuspected(suspect)terrorists.3．Ilikeseeded/seedless(seed)grapes.4．Thisisherancestral(ancestor)home.5．We'llexplorenewmethodsofincomegeneration(generate)．6．Noneofusisentirelyblameless(blame)inthismatter.7．I'mafraidsomethinghavebeenprimitively(primitive)programmed.8．Earlydetection(detect)ofcancersisveryimportant.1．Thecaptainoftheship，theBeagle，wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”．“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。2．Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain'sfirstchoice.来应聘的人不是船长的首选。3．Theyoungmaninquestion，CharlesDarwin，wasageologistandnaturalist...所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家……4．Atthattime，peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime，andhadnotchangedsince.当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。5．Thishappenswhenaplant，sayabeanplant，getsattackedbyinsects.这种情况发生在一棵植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫伤害的时候。-3-词语助读①profitv．获益；获利②distantadj.遥远的③degreen．学位④What'smore再者⑤disgracen．丢脸，耻辱⑥despiteprep.尽管⑦leadto导致；通向⑧scientificadj.科学的⑨discoveryn．发现[1]句中的predicting...是现在分词作定语，修饰aletter。⑩CharlesDarwin查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。出版《物种起源》。⑪geologistn．生物学家⑫naturalistn．博物学家⑬fascinatev．入迷befascinatedby对……入迷⑭livingadj.活的⑮becrowdedwith挤满……⑯samplen．样本⑰cometoexist存在⑱atthesametime同时⑲besimilarto和……相似⑳evolvev．进化○21adaptto适应○22inspirev．激励；鼓舞○23evidencen．证据；根据○24GalapagosIslands大龟群岛，是厄瓜多尔位于太平洋、距陆地本土1200公里的一个省，由十几个火山岩岛屿组成，人口不足2万。○25avarietyof多种多样的○26accordingto根据，按照○27availableadj.可利用的，可得到的-4-[2]句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。○28suspectv．怀疑[3]that引导宾语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词acommonancestor。○29completelyadv.完全地○30shockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的○31convincingadj.令人信服的[4]so...that...如此……以至于；that引导结果状语从句。○32beregardedas被认为是原文呈现AJourneyofDiscoveryThecaptainoftheship，theBeagle，wantedsomeonewhowould“profit①bytheopportunityofvisitingdistant②countriesyetlittleknown”．Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain'sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree③.What'smore④，hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgrace⑤toyourselfandallyourfamily”．[1]Despite⑥allthis，hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadto⑦oneofthemostimportantscientific⑧discoveries⑨ofalltime.Theyoungmaninquestion，CharlesDarwin⑩，wasageologist⑪andnaturalist⑫，fascinated⑬byrocks，plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship，theBeagle，in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariousliving⑭thingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica，hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwith⑮samples⑯oftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese，heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist⑰？Atthattime，peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime⑱，andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilarto⑲eachother.Maybeanimalsevolved⑳astheyadaptedto○21theirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea，butenoughtoinspire○22Darwintolookformoreevidence.○23WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalapagosIslands○24in1835，Darwinsawavarietyof○25newspecies，butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheir-5-beakshadevolvedaccordingto○26whatfoodwasavailable○27onthatparticularisland.[2]Darwinsuspected○28thatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor，whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.[3]Overtime，ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist：theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.Itwasacompletely○29newidea—atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook，OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings，includinghumans，hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked○30.ButDarwin'sscientificstudiesweresoconvincing○31thatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.[4]Today，OntheOrigino