上海市浦东新区华东师范大学第二附属中学2020届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）

上海市浦东新区华东师范大学第二附属中学2020届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）第I卷（共100分）I.ListeningComprehension（略）II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.It’snevereasytoadmitthemistakesyoumake,butdoingsoisanimportantsteptowardmovingforward.NationalGeographicmagazinerecentlypublishedanarticlewiththetitle“Fordecades,ourcoveragewasracist.Toriseaboveourpast,we____1____acknowledgeit.”Itwaswrittenbythemagazine’seditor-in-chiefSusanGoldberg,thefirstwomanandfirstJewishperson____2____(hold)theposition.NationalGeographichasacknowledgedthatitscoverageofblackandminorityethnicpeopleinAmericaandthewiderworldhadbeenhistoricallyracist,frequentlypromotingcaricatures(讽刺画)ofthe“noblesavage(野蛮人)”andbarely____3____(feature)theUS’sminorityethnicpopulation.AccordingtoGoldberg,the130-year-oldpublication’sAprilissue“exploreshowracedefines,separates,andunitesus”.Inhonorof50yearssincethekillingofMartinLutherKing,____4____isknownforfightingracialinequalityintheUS,theissueisdevotedtorace.Thepopulationrepublishedanumberofexamplesofhistoricalracisminitscoverage.One1916articleaboutAustraliaincludedaphotooftwoIndigenousAustralianswiththecaption:“SouthAustralianBlackfellows:Thesesavagesrank____5____(low)inintelligenceofallhumanbeings.”Toreviewitspreviouscoverageofrace,GoldbergaskedUniversityofVirginiaJohnEdwinMasontolookbackatthemagazine’stext,choiceofsubjects,andphotographofpeopleofcolorfromtheUSandabroad.“Untilthe1970s,NationalGeographicallbutignoredpeopleofcolorwholivedintheUnitedStates,rarelyacknowledging____6____beyondlaborersordomesticworkers,”GoldbergwroteaboutMason’sfindings.“Meanwhile,itpictured‘natives’elsewhere____7____exotics,famouslyandfrequentlyunclothed,happyhunters,noblesavages.”Masonalsofoundthatthemagazineoftenranphotosof“uncivilized”natives____8____(amaze)by“civilized”Westerntechnology.Inrecentyears,however,themagazinehasimproved.Forexample,ina2015project,NationalGeographicgavecamerastoyoungpeopleintheCaribbeancountryofHaitiandaskedthemtoshootpicturesoftheireverydaylives.“Thecoveragewasn’trightbefore____9____itwastoldfromawhiteAmericanpointofview,andIthinkitspeakstoexactly____10____weneededadiversityofstorytellers,”GoldbergtoldtheAssociatedPress.【答案】1.must2.tohold3.notfeaturing4.who5.thelowest6.those7.as8.amazed9.inthat10.everyone【解析】这是一篇说明文。承认自己所犯的错误从来都不是一件容易的事，但是这样做是向前迈进的重要一步。《国家地理》杂志最近发表了一篇题为《几十年来，我们的报道都是种族主义的》的文章。要超越我们的过去，我们必须承认它。并介绍了《国家地理》杂志中具体的关于种族主义的事例。【1题详解】考查情态动词。句意：要超越我们的过去，我们必须承认它。根据空格后面为动词原形，因此推测出此处应填情态动词，再观察上下文的语气强烈，前面torise引导出的目的状语也表明此处填must为最佳。故填must。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇文章是由该杂志主编苏珊·戈德堡撰写的，她是担任该职位的第一位女性和第一位犹太人。因空格前两个序数词first可推测出需要todo不定式修饰，因此填tohold。【3题详解】考查固定用法。句意：《国家地理》承认，它对美国乃至全世界黑人和少数族裔的报道在历史上一直带有种族主义色彩，经常宣传对“高贵的野蛮人”的漫画，几乎不涉及美国的少数族裔人口。根据上文frequently以及barely,可见此处还应有一个not否定词，双重否定来表示肯定，因此填notfeaturing。【4题详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：为了纪念马丁·路德·金被杀50周年，这个问题的主题是种族。马丁·路德·金以反对美国的种族不平等而闻名。本句为定语从句修饰先行词MartinLutherKing，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，因此填who。【5题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：1916年的一篇关于澳大利亚的文章中有两名澳大利亚土著人的照片，并配以文字说明:“南澳大利亚黑人:这些野人的智商在所有人类中最低。”根据下文ofallhumanbeings,可知上文是批评对本土澳洲人的歧视，因此填low的最高级，thelowest。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：“直到20世纪70年代，《国家地理》杂志几乎都忽略了生活在美国的有色人种，除了劳工和家庭佣工之外，很少承认其他人种，”戈德堡在谈到梅森的发现时写道。此处指代上文中提到的laborers和workers之外的有色人种，且为复数，因此填those。【7题详解】考查固定短语。句意：“与此同时，它把其他地方的‘原住民’描绘成异类，他们以经常赤身裸体、快乐的猎人和高贵的野蛮人而闻名。”固定短语pictureas“把……描绘成……”，因此填as。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：梅森还发现，该杂志经常刊登“未开化”的当地人被“开化”的西方科技震惊的照片。amaze在句中做非谓语动词与逻辑主语natives构成被动，因此填过去分词amazed。【9题详解】考查短语。句意：戈德堡在接受美联社采访时表示:“之前的报道是不正确的，因为它是从美国白人的角度来讲述的，我认为它准确地反映了我们需要多样化的故事讲述者的每一个人。”空格前后为因果关系，因此填inthat。【10题详解】考查代词。句意同上。speakto后应跟一个对象，表示“每一个人”，因此最佳答案是everyone。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Guiltisnotonlyoneofthemostpainfulemotionsthathumansexperiencebutalsooneofthemostcommon.Nobodyenjoysfeelingguilty,butthisemotion_____11_____animportantpurpose:Italertsapersonwhenheorshehasdonesomethingwrong.Thisenablesthepersontoworktohealrelationshipsthatweredamagedbytheiractions.Itcanalso_____12_____peopletoavoidmakingsimilarmistakeslater.Nevertheless,guiltcanbedestructiveifitisnotdealtwithintherightway.Itcancausepeopletoavoidothersbecausetheyaretoo_____13_____toapologizefortheiractionsorinaction.Sometrytoavoidthepainofguiltbyturningtootherworsehabits.Otherstrytocoveruptheirguiltby_____14_____othersorbecomingangry.Anadded_____15_____isthatsometimespeoplefeelguiltyaboutthingsthathappenthattheycan’tcontrol.Oneexampleofthisissurvivor'sguilt,whenpeoplewhosurviveadisasterfeelguiltybecausetheyescapeddeathwhenothersdidn't.Otherpeopleexperiencefalseguiltbecauseof_____16_____highexpectationsforthemselvesthattheycannotliveupto.Theproperresponsetoguiltdependsonwhatkindofguiltyou'redealingwith.Forfalseguilt,it'simportanttorecognizethatguiltdoesnotreflectanactualethicalfailure.Forexample,somefalseguiltfocusesonfailingtomeetexpectationsyouhadforyourself.Inthiscase,it'sim