AWSB1.11-2000

550N.W.LeJeuneRoad,Miami,Florida33126AWSB1.11:2000AnAmericanNationalStandardApprovedbyAmericanNationalStandardsInstituteJanuary7,2000GuidefortheVisualExaminationofWeldsSupersedesANSI/AWSB1.11-88PreparedbyAWSCommitteeonMethodsofInspectionUndertheDirectionofAWSTechnicalActivitiesCommitteeApprovedbyAWSBoardofDirectorsAbstractThisguidecontainsinformationtoassistinthevisualexaminationofwelds.Includedaresectionsonprerequisites,fundamentals,surfaceconditions,andequipment.Sketchesandfull-colorphotographsillustratewelddiscontinuitiescommonlyfoundinwelds.KeyWordsVisualinspection,visualexamination,surfaceconditions,instruments,equipment,records,discontinuities,nondestructiveexaminationCOPYRIGHT2003;AmericanWeldingSociety,Inc.DocumentprovidedbyIHSLicensee=FluorCorp/2110503106,User=,09/04/200300:55:58MDTQuestionsorcommentsaboutthismessage:pleasecalltheDocumentPolicyGroupat1-800-451-1584.--`,``,,``,`,``````,,,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---iiStatementonUseofAWSAmericanNationalStandardStandardsAllstandards(codes,specifications,recommendedpractices,methods,classifications,andguides)oftheAmericanWeldingSocietyarevoluntaryconsensusstandardsthathavebeendevelopedinaccordancewiththerulesoftheAmeri-canNationalStandardsInstitute.WhenAWSAmericanNationalStandardstandardsareeitherincorporatedin,ormadepartof,documentsthatareincludedinfederalorstatelawsandregulations,ortheregulationsofothergovernmentalbodies,theirprovisionscarrythefulllegalauthorityofthestatute.Insuchcases,anychangesinthoseAWSstandardsmustbeapprovedbythegovernmentalbodyhavingstatutoryjurisdictionbeforetheycanbecomeapartofthoselawsandregulations.Inallcases,thesestandardscarrythefulllegalauthorityofthecontractorotherdocumentthatinvokestheAWSstandards.Wherethiscontractualrelationshipexists,changesinordeviationsfromrequirementsofanAWSstandardmustbebyagreementbetweenthecontractingparties.InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-87171-625-9AmericanWeldingSociety,550N.W.LeJeuneRoad,Miami,FL33126?2000byAmericanWeldingSociety.AllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaAWSstandardsaredevelopedthroughaconsensusstandardsdevelopmentprocessthatbringstogethervolunteersrepre-sentingvariedviewpointsandintereststoachieveconsensus.WhileAWSadministerstheprocessandestablishesrulestopromotefairnessinthedevelopmentofconsensus,itdoesnotindependentlytest,evaluate,orverifytheaccuracyofanyinformationorthesoundnessofanyjudgmentscontainedinitsstandards.AWSdisclaimsliabilityforanyinjurytopersonsortoproperty,orotherdamagesofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherspe-cial,indirect,consequentialorcompensatory,directlyorindirectlyresultingfromthepublication,useof,orrelianceonthisstandard.AWSalsomakesnoguarantyorwarrantyastotheaccuracyorcompletenessofanyinformationpublishedherein.Inissuingandmakingthisstandardavailable,AWSisnotundertakingtorenderprofessionalorotherservicesfororonbehalfofanypersonorentity.NorisAWSundertakingtoperformanydutyownedbyanypersonorentitytosomeoneelse.Anyoneusingthesedocumentsshouldrelyonhisorherownindependentjudgmentor,asappropriate,seektheadviceofacompetentprofessionalindeterminingtheexerciseofreasonablecareinanygivencircumstances.Thisstandardmaybesupersededbytheissuanceofneweditions.Usersshouldensurethattheyhavethelatestedition.Publicationofthisstandarddoesnotauthorizeinfringementofanypatent.AWSdisclaimsliabilityfortheinfringementofanypatentresultingfromtheuseorrelianceonthisstandard.Finally,AWSdoesnotmonitor,police,orenforcecompliancewiththisstandard,nordoesithavethepowertodoso.Officialinterpretationsofanyofthetechnicalrequirementsofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbysendingarequest,inwrit-ing,totheManagingDirectorTechnicalServices,AmericanWeldingSociety,550N.W.LeJeuneRoad,Miami,FL33126(seeAnnexC).WithregardtotechnicalinquiriesmadeconcerningAWSstandards,oralopinionsonAWSstandardsmayberendered.However,suchopinionsrepresentonlythepersonalopinionsoftheparticularindividualsgivingthem.TheseindividualsdonotspeakonbehalfofAWS,nordotheseoralopinionsconstituteofficialorunofficialopinionsorinterpre-tationsofAWS.Inaddition,oralopinionsareinformalandshouldnotbeusedasasubstituteforanofficialinterpretation.ThisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheAWSB1CommitteeonMethodsofInspection.Itmustbereviewedevery5yearsandifnotrevised,itmustbeeitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.Comments(recommendations,additions,ordeletions)andanypertinentdatathatmaybeofuseinimprovingthisstandardarerequestedandshouldbeaddressedtoAWSHeadquarters.SuchcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationbytheAWSB1CommitteeonMethodsofInspec-tionandtheauthorofthecommentswillbeinformedoftheCommitteesresponsetothecomments.GuestsareinvitedtoattendallmeetingsoftheAWSB1CommitteeonMethodsofInspectiontoexpresstheircommentsverbally.ProceduresforappealofanadversedecisionconcerningallsuchcommentsareprovidedintheRulesofOperationoftheTechnicalActivitiesCommittee.AcopyoftheseRulescanbeobtainedfromtheAmericanWeldingSociety,550N.W.LeJeuneRoad,Miami,FL33126.PhotocopyRightsAuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternal,personal,oreducationalclassroomuseonly,ortheinternal,personal,oredu