2020届中考英语语法专练 主谓一致讲解及真题专练

2020届中考语法专练之主谓一致讲解及配套真题专练主谓一致三原则1.语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.(6)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：2·1·c·n·j·yWherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：2mHerearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.2.意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.(2)有些集合名词，如family,team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：(3)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：21**comAlloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：【版权所有：21教育】Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.(6)half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.(7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.2-1-c-n-j-yThedeadisafamousperson.3.邻近一致的原则(1)由连词or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.(2)在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.(3)aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。真题链接：1.Wegaveaway____bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.(2019甘肃兰州)A.sixthousandsB.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof2.Inthenearfuture,there____self-drivingcarsinourcity.(2019甘肃兰州)A.isB.wasC.areD.willbe3.studentsinourclassgoinetothesummercampinBeijingnextweek.(2019甘肃天水)A.Twofifths;isB.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;isD.Twofifths;are4.Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstookrest.(2019甘肃天水)A.afewminute'sB.alittleminute'sC.afewminutes'D.alittleminutes'5.Septemberisthe_____monthofayear.（2019甘肃敦煌)CA.seventhB.eighthC.ninthD.tenth6.Weareproudofourcountry.Theyear2019isher____birthday.(2019广东)A.seventyB.theseventyC.theseventiethD.seventieth7.—CanIhelpyou,Madam?(2019广西玉林)—Yes.______please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.TwopairsofsockD.Twopairofsock8.Nowadays,_________peoplelikeHUAWEIphonesbetter,andabout_________ofthemareadults.（2019贵州安顺）A.thenumberof,four-fifthsB.anumberof,four-fifthC.anumberof,four-fifthsD.thenumberof,four-five9.____volunteerswillbeneededfor2020BeijingWinterOlympicGames.(2019黑龙江大庆)A.TwothousandofB.TwothousandsofC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof10.—We'llcelebratethe____NationalDaythisyear.—Thatsreallyexciting。A.seventyB.seventeenC.seventieth11.Wearepreparingprogramstocelebrateourcountry’s________birthday.(2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔)A.seventyB.seventiethC.seventeenth12.HismothertookhimtovisitthegreatWallonhis________birthday.(2019黑龙江绥化)A.nineB.ninethC.ninth13.Everyyear,_________booksaregivenawaytothepoorchildreninthecountryside.(2019湖南郴州)A.thousandB.thousandsofC.thousandof14.WuDajiang,a_________Chineseskater,setanewworldrecordattheShortTrackWorldCuplastyear.(2019江苏宿迁)A.25-year-oldB.25yearoldC.25-year-oldD.25yearsold15.–Whichmonthoftheyeardoyoulikebest?(2019山东滨州)-July,the_________month,becausesummervacationbegininthismonth.A.sevenB.sixC.seventhD.sixth16．___isthepopulationofChina，Jack？﹣﹣Letmethinkforamoment，itisabout___．（2019年四川省达州）A．Howmany；1，400millionB．What；1，400millionC．What；140millionD．Howmany；140million17.Onmy________birthday,Igotanewschoolbagasagiftfrommyparents.(2019四川广元)A.nineB.ninthC.theninth18.NotonlyyoubutalsoI__________interestedinthecartooncalledPeppaPig.(2019四川广元)A.amB.isC.are19.NotonlyJackbutalsoIcrazyaboutthefootballmatch.(2019新疆生产建设兵团)A.amB.isC.areD.be答案：1.BCDCC6.DBCDC11.BCBCC16.BBAA