2020届高考英语二轮复习 疯狂专练五 代词和名词单句填空 语法填空

疯狂专练五代词和名词单句填空语法填空当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。人称代词(主格/宾格)反身代词名词性物主代词常考的不定代词指示代词I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall/noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody常考考点技巧点拨名词复数变化：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后/s/；浊辅音和元音后读/z/map–maps地图bag-bags书包/袋子以s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词加-es-es读/iz/bus–buses公共汽车class-classes课以-f或-fe结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加-es-ves读/vz/wife-wives妻子leaf–leaves树叶shelf-shelves架子knife-knives小刀wolf-wolves狼thief–thieves贼/小偷half-halves半life–lives生命记忆口诀：妻子用树架小刀将贼和狼劈成2半结束它们的生命以元音字母+y结尾的名词(a,e,i,o,u)直接加-s-s读/z/boy-boys男孩day-days天monkey–monkeys猴子holiday—holidays假日toy-toys玩具key-keys钥匙/答案记忆口诀：男孩和猴子天天在节假日玩玩具和钥匙以辅音字母+y结尾的非专有名词a,e,i,o,u变y为i再加es-s读/z/library-libraries图书馆family-families家庭hobby-hobbies业余爱好以辅音字母+0结尾的名词一般加-es-es读/z/Negro-Negroes黑人hero—heroes英雄tomato–tomatoes西红柿potato–potatoes土豆mango-mangoes芒果记忆口诀：黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿，土豆还有芒果以元音字母+0结尾的以及外来名词加-s-s读/z/zoo-zoos动物园photo-photos照片kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠bamboo–bamboos竹子radio–radios收音机piano-pianos钢琴记忆口诀：（动物园）（照片）中的（袋鼠）可以用（竹子）听（收音机）和弹（钢琴）单复数同形名词保持不变deer-deer鹿sheep-sheep绵羊fish-fish鱼people-people人/人们Chinese-Chinese中国人English英国人Japanese-Japanese日本人Vietnamese-Vietnamese越南人Swiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人记忆口诀：草原上吃草两种动物：鹿和绵羊水里游的鱼；中日英三国家人；越，瑞，葡，黎4四国家人表示某国人名词的复数直接加shuman-humans(人，人类)German-Germans（德国人）Russian-Russian（俄罗斯人）American-Americans（美国人）Italian-Italians（意大利人）Indian-Indians（印度人）Canadian-Canadians(加拿大)Australian-Australians（澳大）Swede-Swedes(瑞典人)记忆口诀：人类/德国俄，美，意，印，加，瑞复数加S无连字号复合名词以后面名词变复数规律保持一致mooncake-mooncakes（月饼）bookcase-bookcases（书橱）armchair-armchairs（轮椅）toothpick-toothpicks（牙签）housewife-housewives(家庭主妇)gentleman-gentlemen(绅士)bookshelf-bookshelves（书架）stopwatch-stopwatches(秒表)wineglass-wineglasses(酒杯)birthday-birthdays(生日)blackboard-blackboards(黑板)greenhouse-greenhouses(温室)第一个名词是man,woman的复合名词两者都要变复数manteacher-menteachers（男老师）womandoctor---womendoctors（女医生）男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都需要变复数以f,fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾加sroof-roofs（屋顶）chief—chiefs(首领)serf—serfs（农奴）reef-reefs（礁石/暗礁）hoof-hoofs（马蹄）cliff-cliffs（悬崖）gulf—gulfs(海湾/鸿沟)belief-beliefs(信仰/信念)proof-proofs（证据）记忆口诀：（屋顶）上的（首领）踩着（礁石）和（马蹄）带领（农奴）在（悬崖）(鸿沟)上找到了(信仰)和(证据).改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加enman---men男人woman-women女人ox-oxen牛child—children(孩子们)goose-geese鹅tooth-teeth牙齿foot-feet脚mouse-mice老鼠loues-lice寄生虫basis-bases（基础）(将i变为e)记忆口诀：（男人/女人a该e）(牛孩子们加en/ren)（老鼠寄生将m,l后面改为ice）1.【2018·全国卷III】WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind______(they)alive.2.【2017·全国卷II】However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing_____everyday.3.【2017·全国卷II】Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible____(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.4.【2018·全国卷III】I'ma_____(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.5.【2018·全国卷I改编】Itshowedthatamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause).6.Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto_____(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.7.Likeuniversitystudents,UShighschoolstudentshavethefreedomtochoosethecoursesthatmostinterest(they).8.LastOctober,whiletendinghergarden,shepulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)andwasabout小题狂练tothrowthemaway.9.Onceinaspeechthe64-year-olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomaketraditional______(treasure)comealiveagain.10.Thenhestartedtobuildmoreandmorekindsof(model).passage1体裁主题字数建议用时记叙文寓言故事214字8分钟【河南省豫西名校2018届高三下学期第一次联考】Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodwaytotest1hismenwerereliable.Oneday,hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehid3(him)nearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Some4(wealth)businessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplywalkedaroundit.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornotkeepingtheroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother5(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway.Thenavillagercamealongcarryingaloadofvegetables.On6(approach)thebigrock,hestoppedandlaiddownhisburden,tryinghardtomovethestonetothesideoftheroad.Aftermuchpushing,he7(final)succeeded.Asthevillagerpickeduphisloadofvegetables,henoticedapurselyingintheroadwheretherock8(be).Thepursecontainedmanygoldcoinsandanotefromtheking,sayingthatthegoldwasfortheperson9removedthehugerockfromtheroad.Thevillagerlearnedavaluablelessonthatmanyotherswouldneverunderstand:Everyobstaclepresents10opportunitytoimproveone’scondition.passage2体裁主题字数建议用时议论文故宫博物馆201字9分钟【2019届湖北八校高三第二次联考试卷】Forthefirsttimein94years,thePalaceMuseumhasextendeditsopeninghours,allowingthepublictocelebratetheLanternFestivalatnightintheancientpalace.About3,000luckyvisitorsreceivedfreeticketsfromthegovernment,among1wasZhangZhifu,a77-year-oldpublicsecurityvolunteer.It’samarko