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第一部分题型解读专题一语法填空与短文改错考向一有提示词考向二无提示词题型一语法填空专项训练PART1考向一有提示词动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大,一般4个;以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词形转换为主。一、提示词为动词1.谓语和非谓语的判断根据英语的句法结构,如果一个句子中要出现多个动作,构成的句式有以下三种:典例1Modernmethods63.of/fortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[toperform空格前出现了谓语动词are,且后边没有连词出现,故此处用非谓语动词;本句含有“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,通常用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。故答案为toperform。]典例2IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66(make)overtheyears.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[havemade由第二个连词and可知,此处为两个并列句。故空处应填谓语动词,根据时间状语overtheyears可知,空处应用现在完成时,故答案为havemade。]2.谓语动词的时态和语态判断所填空处为谓语动词之后,根据以下三个步骤做题:典例3InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.beliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[havereported根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语Inrecentyears可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填havereported。]典例4Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64(declare)shehadnoplans65.toretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[declared根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。]典例5Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we69(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,70.listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[wereinvited由“Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意知我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填wereinvited。]3.非谓语动词典例6Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining61.sohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62(get)there.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[toget此处考查“Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.”这一句型结构,表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”。]典例7Whenwegotacall68(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69.ajoke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[sayingcall与say是主动关系,故用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容。]一般考查名词单复数;有时也考名词变动词和名词变形容词。所以平时要注意结合构词法进行积累。典例8Wearesoproudofher.It’s70(wonder).(2019·全国Ⅱ)[wonderful根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。]二、提示词为名词典例9Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6(activity)onEarthDay.(2019·北京)[activities根据设空前的修饰词various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。]典例10Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[poorly根据句意和结构分析可知,此处应用副词poorly修饰谓语动词studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。]三、提示词为形容词或副词典例11Scientistshaverespondedby67.notingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[higher根据其后thantheyactuallyare可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。]一般考查人称代词变为物主代词,主格变为宾格,有时也考查人称代词变为反身代词。典例12Nervously2.facingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.(2019·北京)[myself本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。]四、提示词为代词典例13WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind68(they)alive.(2018·全国Ⅲ)[them此处作find的宾语,所以用宾格them。]PART2考向二无提示词空格后有可数名词,或者有序数词、最高级等形式,一般是填冠词。典例1Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70.arestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[the考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。]一、填冠词典例2Whenwegotacall68.sayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69joke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[a考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知,此处joke为泛指,故填a。]介词位于名词、名词词组、代词或动名词前;动词后面的固定搭配,需要强化记忆。典例3Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack63dogs,seventobeexact.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[of考查介词。固定短语apackof意为“一群”。故填of。]二、填介词典例4Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).(2019·北京)[in表示“在(某年、某月等)”要用介词in。故填in。]1.填并列连词:高频考点为and,but,or或so,构成并列、转折、选择、因果关系。特别注意although/though不与but连用。because不能与so连用。2.填从句引导词:当空格后为句子,而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时,一般是填从句引导词。定语从句要注意分析句子整体结构和从句缺少的成分;名词性从句要结合句意和缺少的成分;状语从句注意主从句的逻辑关系。三、填连词典例5Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[that考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为therebe句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。]典例6IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[but考查连词。此处用but与前文not呼应,构成“不是……而是……”之意,故填but。]当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词:人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应该是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是指物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也可能填不定代词等。四、填代词典例7Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.(2018·全国Ⅰ)[it/running此处号召我们尝试一下跑步,因此可以填名词running,也可以用it指代。故填it或running。]典例8Manywesterners57.that/whocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58canbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)[it分析句子结构可知,不定式toeatout是真正的主语,it是形式主语。故填it。]PART3专项训练Ⅰ.语法填空——有提示词专练(2018·全国Ⅰ改编)Accordingtoareviewof1.(evident)inamedicaljournal,2.________(run)livethreeyears3.(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong4.(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof5.(die)earlybyrunning.evidencerunnerslongertoseedying1.解析考查形容词变名词。介词of后缺少宾语,故填evident的名词形式evidence。2.解析考查动词变名词。此处缺少主语,另外谓语动词live用的是动词原形,所以动词变名词后,需用复数形式。3.解析考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志,故填long的比较级longer。4.解析考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此句意为“你不必跑得很快,也不必跑很长时间就会见到效果”,此处不定式短语toseethebenefit作目的状语。5.解析考查非谓语动词之动名词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。Whilerunning6.(regular)can’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit7.__(be)moreeffectiveat8.(length)lifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.Twoofthe9.(author)ofthereviewalsomadeastudy10.(publish)in2014whichshowedamerefiveto
本文标题:2020版高考英语大二轮复习 专题一 语法填空与短文改错 第一部分 题型解读 题型一 语法填空课件
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