2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 Theme parks Section Ⅱ— Lear

-1-SectionⅡ—LearningaboutLanguageYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三一、按要求写出下列单词的相应形式1.careful(反义词)2.happy(名词)3.angry(副词)4.friend(形容词)5.teach(名词)6.dislike(反义词)7.possible(副词)8.kind(名词)9.sleep(形容词)10.sing(名词)carelesshappinessangrilyfriendlyteaching/teacherlikepossiblykindnessasleep/sleepysinging/singerYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三二、请将A组和B组中的单词连线,组成一个新的单词AB1.childa.roads2.crossb.while3.whichc.hood4.worthd.ever5.everye.mate6.classf.one7.newsg.be8.overh.back9.horsei.come10.mayj.paper答案:1.c2.a3.d4.b5.f6.e7.j8.i9.h10.gYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三三、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Thecoastalareashavemildwinters,butbycontrast(相比较)the(centre)plainsbecomeextremelycold.2.Althoughourlooksaredifferent,weareboth(attract).3.Cambridgeisalwaysfullof(tourism)insummer.4.Infrontofthevillagerunsariver300milesin(long).5.Tohis(satisfy),hefinishedtheworkontime.centralattractivetouristslengthsatisfactionYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳Grammar:构词法本单元的语法项目是构词法。构词法是按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法。英语构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法、截短法、混合法和首字母缩略法六种,其中前三种最为重要。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳考点一合成法:即两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。1)合成名词构成方式例词名词+名词brainwork(脑力劳动),weekend(周末)名词+动词daybreak(黎明)名词+动词-ing形式handwriting(书法)名词+及物动词+-er/orpain-killer(止痛药)名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief(总编)mother-in-law(婆婆,岳母)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳构成方式例词代词+名词she-wolf(母狼)动词+名词typewriter(打字机)动词-ing形式+名词flying-fish(飞鱼)过去分词+副词grown-up(成年人)形容词+名词gentleman(绅士)副词+动词outbreak(爆发)介词+名词afternoon(下午)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳2)合成形容词构成方式例词名词+形容词snow-white(雪白的)名词+动词-ing形式English-speaking(讲英语的)名词+-to-+名词face-to-face(面对面的)名词+过去分词man-made(人造的)数词+名词one-way(单行的)数词+名词+形容词two-year-old(两岁的)数词+名词+-edfive-storeyed(五层的)动词+副词see-through(透明的)形容词+名词high-class(高级的)形容词+名词+-ednoble-minded(高尚的)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳构成方式例词形容词+形容词light-blue(浅蓝色的)形容词+动词-ing形式good-looking(相貌好看的)副词+形容词evergreen(常青的)副词+动词-ing形式hard-working(勤劳的)副词+过去分词well-known(著名的)副词+名词fast-food(速食的)介词+名词downhill(下坡的;倾斜的)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳3)合成动词构成方式例词名词+动词sleepwalk(梦游)形容词+动词whitewash(粉刷)副词+动词overthrow(推翻)4)合成副词构成方式例词形容词+名词hotfoot(匆忙地)形容词+副词everywhere(到处)副词+副词however(尽管如此)介词+名词beforehand(事先)介词+副词forever(永远)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳5)合成代词6)合成介词构成方式例词代词宾格+-selfherself(她自己)物主代词+-selfmyself(我自己)形容词+名词anything(任何东西)构成方式例词副词+名词inside(在……里面)介词+副词within(在……之内)副词+介词into(进入)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳考点二转化法:英语中,有的名词可做动词,有的形容词可做副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。如:①Let’sgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散散步吧。②Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③Let’shaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可做动词。如:①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护她丈夫,使他恢复了健康。④Welunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如:Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。如:Murderwillout.恶事终将败露。(谚语)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,做主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。如:①Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.在葬礼中应该穿黑色衣服。②Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳考点三派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1)前缀前缀含义例词en-使可能enrich(丰富),enable(使能够)dis-不,否定dissatisfy(不满),dishonest(不诚实)un-不做相反动作unable(不能的),unfair(不公平的),uncover(揭开),untie(解开)in-im-ir-il-dis-不,非incorrect(不正确的)impossible(不可能的)impractical(不实用的)irregular(不规则的),irresponsible(不负责任的)illogical(不合逻辑的),illegal(非法的)disappear(消失)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳前缀含义例词non-不,非non-existent(不存在的)mis-错误的,坏的mislead(误导),misfortune(不幸),misunderstand(误解)re-重复,再rewrite(改写),remarry(再婚),reunite(重新统一)super-在上面,超级supermarket(超市)under-在……之下underestimate(低估)underground(地下的)inter-相互,之间international(国际的)interact(相互作用)semi-半semifinal(半决赛),semicircle(半圆)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳前缀含义例词multi-多,多种multinational(多国的)multicoloured(多种颜色的)kilo-千kilometre(千米)kilogramme(千克)anti-反对,抵抗anti-gas(防毒气的)inter-互相Internet(互联网)auto-自动auto-chart(自动图表)sub-下面的,次,小subway(地铁)tele-远距离的telephone(电话)co-共同co-operate(合作)YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳2)名词后缀后缀例词-erfarmer,weaver,painkiller-essactress,waitress,princess,hostess-orconductor,sailor,transistor,operator-arbeggar-eseChinese,Japanese-ianmusician,Egyptian,physician-istscientist,dentist,communist,socialist-antassistant-mentargument,judgment,government-nesshappiness,greatness,illness,coldnessYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳后缀例词-tiondictation,preparation,repetition-ingbuilding,wedding,painting-shipleadership,friendship,hardship-thtruth,warmth,length,growth-anceacceptance,assistance,reliance,entrance-fulmouthful,handful,plateful-alrefusal,denial,arrival-ydifficulty-ismsocialism,materialism-ageshortage,marriage-encedependence,confidence,reference注意:-ese,-ian,-ist既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。-er构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳3)形容词后缀后缀例词-alcentral,industrial,national,natural-anEuropean-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,believable-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivede