（江苏专版）2020版高考英语 考前保分训练 专题3 阅读理解 第3节 议论文课件 牛津译林版

第3节议论文专题三阅读理解Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012，andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness，andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear，makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million.Andforwhat？Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce，butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation，whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday.题组训练一【1】话题：一分钱硬币是否取消难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Ineffect，removingthepennymeansallretail(零售)priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies；somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon，andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples，aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity，actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(铜币).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。既然一分钱硬币几乎没有实用价值，那为什么不取消呢？文章探讨了其中的几个原因。MrPresident，however，doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen，”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies：Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks.Thepenny，MrPresidentsaid，is“agoodmetaphor(隐喻)forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment，hesaid，hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”.解析推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是“Coiningpennies...peopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates...million”可知，和在加拿大一样，在美国铸造一分钱硬币是一件赔钱的事情，并且人们已经不再需要它了。每铸造100个一分钱硬币，就要耗费1.43美元。去年，铸造一分钱硬币花费了纳税人近3900万美元。这都说明，对美国而言，铸造这种硬币似乎没有必要了。故选C。1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny.B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica.C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies.D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone.√1232.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny?A.Toreducethesalestax.B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers.C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln.D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsumers.解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Pricesthatend...pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知，支持使用一分钱硬币的人士认为取消一分钱硬币会损害消费者的利益，也就是说他们维护一分钱硬币的目的是维护消费者的利益。故选D。√123解析观点态度题。根据最后两段的内容，尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor(隐喻)forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”“hasapoortrackrecordof‘gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo’”可知，总统先生曾表示，他觉得没有理由再铸造一分钱硬币了。他还觉得一分钱硬币是“一个很好的隐喻，象征着我们存在的一些更大的问题”，而且在“去除已经没有用的东西，以便我们在可行的东西上进行投入”方面，政府做得很差。由此可推知，总统先生对铸造一分钱硬币持消极态度。故选A。3.WhatisMrPresident’sattitudetowardmakingpennies?A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Defensive.D.Objective.√123【2】Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers(激怒).PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags，HughJohnston，thecompany’sCFO，toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags，”Johnstonsaid.Actually，it’shalfanounceless.RegularLay’saresoldin10-ouncebags；flavoredLay’saresoldin9.5-ouncebags；andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot，butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath.话题：薯片分量减少难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLay’spotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulk—ormerelyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butlet’sassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLay’ssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLay’sintheU.S.eachyear—or3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout21.5centsperbag，andabout$80millionintotalperyear.Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower，butit’snotentirelyunreasonable.IfLay’sischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags，it’slikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones，too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou，butit’sprobablyworthtensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually.PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLay’schipsaresoldforthesameprice，butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand，”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(调味品)，”hesaid.Butthatdoesn’tappeartobethecase.Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese，barbecue，sourcreamandonion，andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere(ornotthere)toincreasethepotatochipmaker’sprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips，becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones，accordingtoJohnston.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。百事对单包风味薯片偷偷减少分量，其辩解说是为了弥补原料上的额外费用，但作者认为并不是那样，其实就是为了提高利润。Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavor