高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解-上课课件

AnalysisoftheTestPaperReadingcomprehensionAfishcanfeedhimforaday.Knowinghowtofishcanfeedhimforalifetime.Whataretheythinkingaboutwhenfeelinghungry?Learningobjectives:Attheendoftheclass,thestudentswillbeableto:1.findoutthereasonsofthetrueanswersinthetestpaperandsummarizesomeskillsofreadingcomprehensionbyanalyzingthedetailsofthepassage.2.mastersomeusefulwordsandphraseswiththedirectionoftheteacher.•阅读理解张恒鸣张秋婷焦薪颖赵佳音崔帅航孙明鑫阅读理解各题错误人数阅读理解常考的4大题型1阅读理解常考的4大题型对文章中的特定细节或具体事实进行判断和认定。一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，是高考阅读中难度最小的一种。它的得分率相对较高，所占的比重最大，是我们做好阅读理解、夺取高分的基础，此类题目，只要细心就能做对。细节理解题01关键词定位法：需要利用题目中的关键词去寻找文中的对应词，划出相关句子，进行对照错误选项排除法｛｝｛｝｛阅读理解常考的4大题型[干扰选项特征]①与短文细节部分相吻合，部分相悖。②无中生有。③是短文细节，但不符合题干要求。④偷换概念⑤符合常识，但不是文章内容。细节理解题01阅读理解常考的4大题型由文章中已知信息出发，对文章事实进行逻辑推理，做出正确判断，大多会问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。该题型在高考阅读理解中难度较大，是取得高分必须要攻破的一道难关。寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思推理判断题02阅读理解常考的4大题型[正确选项特征]①“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。②选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only,never,all,absolutely等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。推理判断题02[干扰选项特征]①与常识相吻合，但并不是从短文内容推知的，不是基于文章。②推理过头，引申过度。偏离文章主题，属主观臆断的结论。③是短文内容的简单重述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理。阅读理解常考的4大题型不是考查考生的词汇量，而是要求考生根据上下文的语境、生活常识、构词法进行合理推测。涉及的词语有四类：熟词新义、生僻单词、词组短语和代词。词义猜测题03利用上下文猜测词义：表示并列的词：and,aswellas,notonly......butalso.....,both...and....表示因果的词:because,since,as,so....that...,such....that....表示转折的词:but,however,although,though,insteadof,ratherthan...在suchas,forexample,thatistosay,like,including等之后进一步说明前面的词阅读理解常考的4大题型利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大意，提炼作者观点，最后仔细分析。大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作目的、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。该题型属于中等难度试题，在近五年的高考试题中所占比重较大，平均占到总题量的四分之一左右。主旨大意题04阅读理解常考的4大题型[正确选项特征]①涵盖性强，覆盖全文。②确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。③精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。主旨大意题04[干扰选项特征]①范围太大、太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围。②范围偏窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点；仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节。③与短文有部分交集，但偏离文章主题，有重叠但不重合。阅读理解常考的4大题型细节理解题01[例1](2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)SincethefirstEarthDayin1970,Americanshavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit，”saysBruceAnderson,presidentofEarthDayUSA.Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrassrootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany,manytimes，”saysGaylordNelson,theformergovernorfromWisconsin,whothoughtupthefirstEarthDay.Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.阅读理解常考的4大题型AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout________.A．thesocialmovementB．recyclingtechniquesC．environmentalproblemsD．theimportanceofEarthDay【分析】A项指社会运动，原文中未提及，与文章主题不符；B项指回收的技巧，文章有提及，是文章细节，但范围太窄；C项中environmentalproblems是原文第一段第二句中aproblemwithit的同义替换，故C项正确；D项指地球日的重要性，虽然在第一段中提及了地球日，但不符合题干要求。阅读理解常考的4大题型推理判断题03[例2](2014·山东高考阅读D节选)Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes，”butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.60．WhatcanweinferaboutServal'schildren?A．Theywereunwillingtobrushtheirteeth.B．Theyoftenfailedtocleantheirtoothbrushes.C．Theypreferredtouseatoothbrushwithadryhead.D．TheylikedbrushingtheirteethafterServalcamehome.【分析】A项根据原文中的“...butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry”一步即可推得，孩子们没有刷牙，说明孩子们不愿意刷牙；B项为推理过头，选项中“failedtocleantheirtoothbrushes”属于主观臆断；C项干扰性较大，虽然原文中有“theirtoothbrushheadsdry”，但并非指“atoothbrushwithadryhead”；D项也属于推理过头，从原文只能推断出孩子们不愿意刷牙，而推断不出孩子们喜欢Serval回家后刷牙。阅读理解常考的4大题型推理判断题02[例3][2009全国I卷]Monday,October6Rainedlastnight,cloudyinthemorning,69°FWespentabouttwohoursinNancy,thensailedontheCanaldelaMarneauRhine.Kindofalazyday,eatingbreakfast,lunch,anddinner.AfterdinnerwewatchedatapeonBaccarat,wherewewillvisittomorrow.Itwaspleasanttositoutondeck(甲板)andwatchthescenerygobyatabout3mph.Wednesday,October8Cloudy,65°FTodaywesailedfromSchneckenbushtoSaverne.Wewentthroughtwocaves,anextremelyunusualpartofthejourney.Thisriversceneryisverydifferent.Wewereinamountainvalleywithgrasslandononesideandaforestbeginningtoshowsomecolorontheother.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetour?A.Tiring.B.Expensive.C.Enjoyable.D.Quick.阅读理解常考的4大题型词义猜测题03Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,aged4and18months.Theunderlinedword“hassle”means________.A．apartydesignedbyspecialistsB．aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC．asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD．ademandmadebyguests【分析】对比法，由前句的否定doesn't与后句的肯定canbe进行对比，可以推断出，hassle与fun意思相反，而与difficulty，trouble意义相近，故选C[例5]阅读理解常考的4大题型词义猜测题03[例6]Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan'tachievesomething.Thenthereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”referto?A．waysthathelponetofocusB．wordsthathelponetofeellesstenseC．activitiesthatturnone'sattentionawayD．habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax【分析】对比法，由前句的否定doesn't与后句的肯定canbe进行对比