项目综合管理（英汉对照）

-1-ocumentsD:4-14.1ProjectPlanDevelopment—takingtheresultsofotherplanningprocessesandputtingthemintoaconsistent,coherentdocument.4.2ProjectPlanExecution—carryingouttheprojectplanbyperformingtheactivitiesincludedtherein.4.3OverallChangeControl—coordinatingchangesacrosstheentireproject.-2-ocumentsD:zTheworkoftheprojectmustbeintegratedwiththeongoingoperationsoftheperformingorganization.zProductscopeandprojectscopemustbeintegrated(thedifferencebetweenproductandprojectscopeisdiscussedintheintroductiontoChapter5).1n.-4-ocumentsD(suchascivil,electrical,andmechanicaldrawingsforanengineeringdesignproject)mustbeintegrated.4.1ProjectPlanDevelopmentProjectplandevelopmentusestheoutputsoftheorderplanningprocessestocreateaconsistent,coherentdocumentthatcanbeusedtoguidebothprojectexecutionandprojectcontrol.Thisprocessisalmostalwaysiteratedseveraltimes.Forexample,theinitialdraftmayincludegeneric2resourcesandundateddurationwhilethefinalplanreflectsspecificresourcesandexplicitdates.Theprojectplanisusedto:zGuideprojectexecution.zDocumentprojectplanningassumptions.zDocumentprojectplanningdecisionsregardingalternativeschosen.2a.-5-ocumentsD(Section3.3providesasummaryoftheseprojectplanningprocesses)areinputstodevelopingtheprojectplan.Otherplanningoutputsincludebothbasedocumentssuchastheworkbreakdownstructureaswellasthesupportingdetail.Manyprojectswillalsorequireapplicationarea-specificinputs(e.g.,mostconstructionprojectswillrequireacashflowforecast)..13.3-6-ocumentsD(e.g.,estimatingdatabases,recordsofpastprojectperformance)shouldhavebeenconsultedduringtheotherprojectplanningprocesses.Thisinformationshouldalsobeavailableduringprojectplandevelopmenttoassistwithverifyingassumptionsandassessingalternativesthatareidentifiedaspartofthisprocess..2.3Organizationalpolicies.Anyandalloftheorganizationsinvolvedintheprojectmayhaveformalandinformalpolicieswhoseeffectsmustbeconsidered.Organizationalpolicieswhichtypicallymustbeconsideredinclude,butarenotlimitedto:.3zQualitymanagement—processaudits,continuousimprovementtargets.zPersonneladministration—hiringandfiringguidelines,employeeperformancereviews.zFinancialcontrols—timereporting,requiredexpenditureanddisbursement3reviews,accountingcodes,standardcontractprovisions..4Constraints.Constraintsarefactorsthatwilllimittheprojectmanagementteam’soptions.Forexample,apredefinedbudgetisaconstraintthatishighlylikelytolimittheteam’soptionsregardingscope,staffing,andschedule..43a.-7-ocumentsD(whetherpaperorelectronic,formalorinformal)orascomplexasaseriesofrequiredsimulations(e.g.,MonteCarloanalysisofschedulerisk).Mostprojectplanningmethodologiesmakeuseofacombinationof“hard”toolss