初三化学酸碱盐知识点(最全整理版)

7.111234212341HClHNO3H2SO4H2CO3HCl==H++Cl-H2SO4==2H++SO42-2NaOHCa(OH)2NaOH==Na++OH-Ca(OH)2==Ca2++2OH-3NaClNH4NO3NaCl==Na++Cl-NH4NO3==NH4++NO3-12pHpH1234567891011121314|pH:pH=7pH7pHpH7pH3pH:pHpHpH1pHpH2pHpHpH3pHpHpH1~144pHpHpH12pH0.9~1.53pH6.5~7.54pH5.67.21HClH2SO4HNO3CH3COOHHAc2HClHNO3H2SO43H2SO4HClHNO398%36%~37%70%1.84g/mL1.17g/mL1.42g/mL1NH3[2NH3+H2SO4==(NH4)2SO4]23CuCu+2H2SO4==CuSO4+SO2+H2O453%~5%NaHCO3411AB2++ABMgCDZn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2Fe+H2SO4==FeSO4+H23++CuO+2HCl==CuCl2+H2OFe2O3+3H2SO4==Fe2(SO4)3+3H2OZnO+2HNO3==Zn(NO3)2+H2OCO2+H2O==H2CO3SO2+H2O==H2SO3SO3+H2O==H2SO4Na2O+H2O==2NaOHK2O+H2O==2KOHBaO+H2O==Ba(OH)2CaO+H2O==Ca(OH)2++CO2+Ca(OH)2==CaCO3+H2O()++Fe2O3+6HCl==2FeCl3+3H2O()4++5++A+++CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+H2O+CO2Na2CO3+H2SO4==Na2SO4+H2O+CO2K2CO3+2HNO3==2KNO3+H2O+CO2MgCO3+CH3COOH==(CH3COO)2Mg+H2O+CO2BHCl+AgNO3==AgCl+HNO3BaCl2+H2SO4==BaSO4+2HClCl-SO42-AAgNO3Cl-Cl-BBa(NO3)2SO42-SO42-NaOHCa(OH)2NH3?H2O12OH-NaOH==Na++OH-NH3?H2O==NH4++OH-1AB2++2NaOH+CO2==Na2CO3+H2OCa(OH)2+SO2==CaSO3+H2O3++4++CuSO4+2NaOH==Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3==2NaOH+CaCO33AB+CD==AD+CB123CuSO4+Ca(OH)2==Cu(OH)2+CaSO47.31.2.AgClBaSO4AgClBaSO4Cu(OH)2Fe(OH)3Mg(OH)2BaCO3CaCO33.1++Zn+CuSO4==ZnSO4+CuCu+2AgNO3==2Ag+Cu(NO3)22CuSO4+Ca(OH)2===Cu(OH)2+CaSO4Na2CO3+2HCl==2NaCl+H2O+CO2a.b.c.d.1.NaCl2.Na2CO31234Na2CO3+2HCl===2NaCl+CO2+H2O3.NaHCO3123NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+CO2+H2O4.CaCO3123CaCO3+2HCl===CaCl2+CO2+H2OCO32-HCO3-AHClCO32-CO32-BBaCl2HClCO32-CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+H2O+CO2Na2CO3+2HCl==2NaCl+H2O+CO2NaHCO3+HCl==NaCl+H2O+CO2NPK1(NH3H2O)(NH4HCO3)(K2SO4)[Ca3(PO4)2][(NH4)2SO4][CO(NH2)2](KNO3)(NH4H2PO4)234:(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH==Na2SO4+2NH3+2H2ONH4NO3+NaOH==NaNO3+NH3+H2ONH4+:NaOHCa(OH)21+---+1.Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2()(H2Zn,Fe,Mg,AlH2SO4HCl)2+---+2.Fe+CuSO4=FeSO4+Cu3.Al+3AgNO3=Al(NO3)3+3Ag3()+---+4.Fe2O3+3H2SO4=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O5.CaO+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O4()+--------+62NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O7Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3+H2O5+--------+()8HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O9.2HCl+Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+2H2O10.2NaOH+H2SO4==Na2SO4+2H2O6+--------+11CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2(CO2)12:Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO213.H2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4+2HCl7+---+14.Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3+2NaOH15.CuSO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4+Cu(OH)28+---16NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl+NaNO317Na2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4+2NaCl+1:HClONaClOCa(ClO)2.+5:HClO3KClO3.+7:HClO4KClO4.