科研写作中可能用得到的英文表达

科研写作中可能用得到的英文表达1．表逻辑关系：表因果关系：引起，导致（前因后果）：giveriseto…;leadto…;resultin;contributeto…;liein;therefore;thus;hence;asaresult;beresponsiblefor;accountfor;cause;trigger;entail;induce;Consequently;corollary由…引起，由于（前果后因）：arisefrom;dueto;thanksto;owingto;resultfrom;because;becauseof;since;for…;beattributedto…归因于表转折：however;but;although;otherwise;表让步：admittedly;notwithstanding;evenif/though;despite;regardlessof(不管);aside撇开，除去(以改变话题或语气);insofaras...在……的范围内，到……的程度;表递进：moreover;inaddition;furthermore;表并列：equally;equivalent;likewise;alternative;analogous(ly);approximate(ly);commensurate(ly);similarly;respective(ly);simultaneous(ly)同时发生的，同时存在的;表对比：incontrast;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary;comparedwith/incomparison;correspondingly;relative(ly);2．用于引出概念等的解释referto;denote;giveexpressionto;manifest;inotherwords,…;define/definition;accordingto;basedon;castlighton…阐明，使…真相大白3．表同意与反对（表述态度）同意，相容的，一致的agreeto/on/about/with;accedeto;compatible;consistent(ly);concede（不太情愿地）承认;inaccordwith...;反对，相反的conversely;disagree;opposeto;reverse;protest反对，抗议;4．表假设assume/assumption;suppose/supposition;postulate;hypothesis;5．表阐述，阐明，说明，揭露explain;elaborate;expatiate;dwellon谈论，想;expound;exposit;clarify;demonstrate;illuminate;setforth;elucidate;illustrate;interpret;reveal;assert声称，断言;6．表证明，证实bearout;corroborate;prove;substantiate;attest(to);establish;validate;7．表重要性重要的，主要的，首要的，必须的necessary;required;indispensable;significant(ly);important;crucial;vital;essential;principal;consequential;primary;salient;substantial(ly);beobligatoryfor;不重要的negligible;frivolous;8．表例子，举例forexample/forinstance;suchas;exemplify...是…的例子;paradigm;tobespecific;tobeexact;rangefrom...to...9．表总结，下结论inconclusion;takentogether;conclusively;attheconclusionof…在…终了时，在…完结时10．表数量许多many;much;alotof;lotsof;agreatmany;anumberof;abigchunkof;plentyof;agreatdealof;numerous;myriad无数的，数量极大的;dozensof;massive;amultitudeof;aplethoraof过多的，过剩的;少许ahandfulof;several;afewof11．表多样avarietyof/various;akaleidoscopeof/kaleidoscopic;diverse;miscellaneous成分混杂的，种类各异的;multifarious各种各样的，种类繁多的;12．表优劣优点，优于advantage;merit;superior;overweigh;缺点，劣于disadvantage;drawback;shortcoming;defect;demerit;flaw;deficiency;inferior;13．表时间先后(可用于Argument时间外推等错误的驳斥中)以前的ago;erstwhile;former(ly);previous(ly);之后的after,later表时间上的之后;latter表次序上的之后;ulterior;inthefuture;subsequent(ly);14．评价他人观点表有争议的，不充分的等评价他人观点的负向词汇：disputable有待商榷的;controversial;illogical;limited;unstable;undue不适当的，过分的;unwarranted无根据的，无理的表充分的，审慎的等评价他人观点的正向词汇：thorough;comprehensive;adequate;prudent;irreproachable;rigorous(ly)严密的;explicit详述的，明确的;feasible;pertinent中肯的，适当的;rational;reliable;sufficient(ly);undeniable;undoubtedly;unquestionably;convincing(ly);conceivably;valid;15．表排除，排他exclusive(ly);except/exception;16．其他becreditedwith…把…归功于becreditedto…把…归功于；应被记入…；相信inexcessof…超过…，多于…考虑到：giventhat;inlightofthat考虑到这一点asfor…关于、至于、就…方面说asyet=hitherto=heretofore=sofar=uptonow=thusfar=till/untilnow至今仍，直到现在仍，迄今为止byvirtueof借助，依靠，凭借hingeon依靠，取决于atthemercyof受……支配，听凭……，任凭……keep…atbay不使…逼近；牵制bear/haveananalogyto/with…具有与…相似之处drawananalogybetween…指出…之间相似处，在…之间比较otherthan除了，不同于beimplicatedin…与…相关beproportionalto…=inproportionto…与…成比例byafactorof+数字以…倍；按…系数inthecontextof…=inthecaseof…=withrespectto…在…的背景下，在…的情况下，在…范围内，就…而言muchless=letalone更不用说beofinterestto…对…是有意义的；对…是有趣的；能引起…兴趣的haveagripon…理解，掌握；抓住，吸引（观众注意力等）inthecourseof…在…过程中，在…期间insilico计算机模拟的perse[Latin]本身，自身，本质上denovo=abinitio[Latin]重新开始，从头的，从头合成的，再一次paripassu[Latin]同等权益地；以同一速度地；同步地；按同一比例viceversa[Latin]反之亦然takelibertywith随意对待；冒昧；对…放肆scarcely…when…刚…就…thetipoftheiceberg冰山一角temporalandspatial=spatio-temporal时间与空间的，时空的liftthelidofthePandora’sbox打开潘多拉魔盒oneorderofmagnitude一个数量级