哥本哈根世界气候大会巴西的谈判地位、利益诉求及谈判策略

200912Dec12009316JournalofLatinAmericanStudiesVol131No16:,,2/3,,,,,,,200912718,,(UNFCCC)15(COP15),2012,200812,(PN2MC)20091113,,,20203611%3819%(200515%18%),12161720088,1,,:2009-11-30:,,1988,,(,100007)()2008,5414%,2006(1219%)OECD(617%),1994,,1617%,1973,,,3TarynFransen,BrazilPledgesAmbitiousEmissionsReduc2tions1://:aCountryProfile1:,,,,,,,(),50%,(CarbonSink,)1/5,,530,61%60%,,,,3/417%,2000,10%1964,1970,,,,1992,,,90,,:2000520068,15,1970,60,20%,,,203040%2005,,,20084,,,,,,101996200511954BrazilianSugarcaneIndustryAssociation-UNICAandMinis2tryofAgriculture,LivestockandFoodSupply2MAPA1://english1unica1com1br/opiniao/frases/Default1asp?sqlPage=2HannahChalmers,ReducingForestEmissions:FactsandFigures1://news.mongabay1com/2009/1028-brazil1htmStephanieBrault,Brazil’sAmazonRainforestPolicyIsaOne2WayRoadtoDisaster1://en1mercopress1com/2009/08/28/brazilian-general-questions-lula-da-silva-stance-on-the-amazon80%,Cerrado40%,,;,,,,,,(ReducedEmissionsfromDeforestationandDegradation,REDD)1997(afforestation),,,REDDREDD20087(ForestCarbonPartnershipFacility,FCPF),REDDREDD(TheUN-REDDprogramme)REDD,,REDD200910,,REDD,REDD,10%,15(CoalitionforRainforestNations)REDD,REDD,,200887(AmazonFund),2021210,10REDD(REDDandClimateChangeTaskForce),REDD,REDD3:;;1,,,,,()3:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5BraziltoSupportREDDinCopenhagen1://coa.coun2ciloftheamericas1org/files/Brazil%20Energy%20Report1pdfREDDandClimateChangesBrazilianTaskForce1(eng)1pdf:,,200513:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1()()11512121227801924281929671719509EC817925:BrazilExecutiveSummaryofBrazil’sNationalPlanonClimateChange(December2008)1(),G520097,5G8,200911,,,,,,20091127,:,,,,20091112,,,1127,477,,,700,81977320091126,,(),,1.,90%,,2007,,,4(),5(),,,,6RichshouldhelpAmazonForests,SummitSays1:,,20077,,1063,,;12,,200997,125,,2008212,20091126,1114,,,,201220(Rio20),,,,,,2020199025%40%,2050200517%,19904%,,:2020,1000,220500,10%30%,,GDP015%1%,4000,,,,20091,,(23)7BrazilRaisesCaneOverU1S1EthanolTariff,TheLosAngelesTimes,April11,20091RaymondColitt,BrazilSaysU1S1ClimateGoalUnaccepta2ble.://://env1people1com1cn/GB/103595781html519901998199019911992199319941995199619971998-318-114611-016-117-1810-2310-3313-3316a811311141112106173215341920152312110111211113216515101518182819(%)b14581952815105910253215613141510619714813c2181828108111216331524112137102918d41416841181570183281144816144715221219152411d13131556051055471425373138418421716151314216a;b1;c;d():AkiraAriyoshi,etal,CapitalControls:CountryExperienceswithTheirUseandLiberalization,IMFOccasionalPaper,No1190,20001,,1.AkiraAriyoshi,etal,CapitalControls:CountryExperi2enceswithTheirUseandLiberalization,IMFOccasionalPaper,No1190,200012.GustavoFranco,CapitalInflowsIntoBrazil1992-1998:theNatureandEffectsofControlsandRestrictions,RioBravoInvestmentsandPUC-Rio,April200613.IMF,AnnualReportonExchangeArrangementsandExchangeRestrictions,WashingtonD1C,IMF1993-199914.IlanGoldfajnandAndrMinella,CapitalFlowsandControlsinBrazil:whatHaveweLearned?NBERWorkingPaper,11640,September200515.CordosoandGoldfajn,CapitalFlowsIntoBrazil:TheEndogeneityofCapitalControls,IMFStaffPapers,Vol145,No11,199816.BernardoS1deM1Carvalho,MrcioG1P1Garcia,IneffectiveControlsonCapitalInflowsUnderSophisticatedFinan2cialMarkets:BrazilintheNineties,DepartmentofEconomicsPUCRio,May11,20061()(7),,,1.GovernmentofBrazilInterministerialCommitteeonCli2mateChange,DecreeNo162631’sNationalPlanonClimateChange(December2008)1:,,200514.REDDandClimateChangesBrazilianTaskForce.htt