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精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档,远离加班熬夜英语国家概况篇一:英语国家概况完整篇复习重点英语国家概况Chapter1LandandPeople第一章英国的国土与人民I.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographicalnames:theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。2.Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。3.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain(thelargerone)andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。4.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。(1)EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth;theCentrallowlands;thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档,远离加班熬夜它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。(3)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital:Cardiff威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。5.TheCommonwealth(ofnations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年,至1990年止已有50个成员国。II.GeographicalFeatures英国的地理特征1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:英国的地理位置:Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部,与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。2.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands;andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.英国的西部和北部主要是高地,东部和东南部主要是低地。III.精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档,远离加班熬夜RiversandLakes河流与湖泊BenNevisisthehighestmountaininBritain(1,343m).本尼维斯山为英国最高峰,海拔1,343米。SevernRiveristhelongestriverinBritain(338km).塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长338公里。ThamesRiveristhesecondlongestandmostimportantriverinBritain.(336km).泰晤士河是英国第二大河,也是英国最重要的河。全长336公里。LoughNeaghisthelargestlakeinBritainwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.(396squarekilometres).讷湖(内伊湖)是英国最大的湖,位于北爱尔兰。面积为396平方公里。RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。SnowdoniaisthehighestmountaininWales.(1,085m)斯诺多尼亚是威尔士的最高点,海拔1,085米。IV.Climate气候1.Britain'sfavorableclimate英国有利的气候条件:Britainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.英国属于海洋性气候:冬季不过于寒冷,夏季不过于炎热。全年有稳定可靠的降雨量,气温变化幅度小。2.ThefactorsinfluencetheclimateinBritain:影响英国气候的因素:1)Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatingup精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档,远离加班熬夜thelandinwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer;环绕四周的海水。冬天,海水可使岛内气温升高,夏天则使气温降低,从而起到平衡季节温差的作用;2)Theprevailingsouth-westwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyearroundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气,使气温适宜;3)TheNorthAtlanticDriftpassesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸,使气候变暖。3.Rainfall降雨量:Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Thereisawatersurplusinthenorthandwest,andawaterdeficitinthesouthandeast.英国全年降雨量稳定,平均降雨量超过1000毫米。英国北部、西部雨量过多,但是南部、东部有所缺乏。V.ThePeople人口1.populationdistribution人口分布:Britainhasapopulationofabout57millionsanditisveryunevenlydistributed.90%ofthepopulationisurbanandonly10%isrural.ThepopulationofBritainismadeupmainlyoftheEnglish(81.5%),theScottish(9.6%),theWelsh(1.9%),theIrish(2.4%),theNorthernIrish精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档,远离加班熬夜(1.8%)andotherpeoples(2.8%).英国人口约570万,分布极不均匀,90%是城市人口,只有10%是农村人口。英国人口组成为:英格兰人(81.5%),苏格兰人(9.6%),威尔士人(1.9%),爱尔兰人、北爱尔兰人和其他民族居民。2.ThedifferencebetweentheancestorsoftheEnglishandScots,WelshandIrish:英伦三岛民族的祖先:TheancestorsoftheEnglishareAnglo-Saxons,theScots,WelshandIrishareCelts.英格兰人祖先属于盎格鲁—萨克逊人,而苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人。3.Thedifferenceincharacter个性差别:TheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople.Theyaremusicloversandareproudoftheirpast.威尔士人感情丰富,情绪高涨,热爱音乐,为过去感到自豪。TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautiousandthriftypeople,andtheyarealsohospitable,generousandfriendly.苏格兰人通常被认为严肃、谨慎而且节俭,但是他们同样也热情、大方且友好。TheIrisharecharmandvivacity.爱尔兰人充满魅力,生性活泼。4.ThedifferenceinspeechbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland:英格兰南方人和北方人语言上的差别:SouthernersspeakthetypeofEnglishclosetoBBCEnglish;InnorthernEngland,regionalspeechisusuallybroaderthanthatofsouthernEngland.南方人讲的英精编WORD文档下载可编缉打印下载文档,远离加班熬夜语接近BBC,北英格兰人的发音通常要比南英格兰人宽。5.TheWelshkeeptheirlanguageandcultureinthisway:威尔士人以这样的方式使他们的语言及文化保持活力。ThroughouttheyeartheyhavefestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycalledEisteddfodau.ThegreateventoftheyearistheNationalEisteddfod.OntheseoccasionscompetitionsareheldinWelshpoetry,music,singingandart.一年中他们有称之为“艺术年会”的唱歌、跳舞、诗歌节。一年中最重要的节日是全国诗歌音乐比赛会。在那里会举行威尔士诗歌、音乐、唱歌和艺术比赛。6.ThemainprobleminNorthernIreland:北爱尔兰存在的主要问题:ThefightbetweentheProtestantswhoarethedominantgroup,andtheRomanCatholics,whoareseekingmoresocial,politicalandeconomicopportunities.作为统治者的新教徒和要求更多社会、政治及经济权利的罗马天主教徒之间的斗争。7.Immigrants:移民:AboutthreemillionhavecometoBritaintoliveandfindworksinceWorldWarII.自从二战以来约有三百万人来英国生活、工作。Chapter
本文标题:英语国家概况
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