2020年高中英语 Unit 1 Great Scientists Section Ⅰ Warmin

Unit1Greatscientists[话题导读]成就屠呦呦获得2015年诺贝尔奖的青蒿素有什么作用呢？屠呦呦的贡献有多大呢？让我们一起来读读下面的文章吧。TuYouyouandanotherscientistjointlywonthe2015NobelPrizeformedicinefortheirworkagainstdiseases.TheChinesescientistTuYouyouwasawardedtheotherhalfoftheprizefordiscoveringartemisinin(青蒿素),adrugthathassignificantlyreducedthedeathratesforpatientssufferingfrommalaria(疟疾).Ithasprovidedhumankindwithpowerfulnewmeanstoovercomethediseasethataffectshundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.Theconsequencesintermsofimprovedhumanhealthandreducedsufferingareimmeasurable.Despiterapidprogressincontrollingmalariainthepastdecade,themosquito­bornediseasestillkillsmorethanhalfamillionpeopleayear,thevastmajorityofthembabiesandyoungchildreninthepoorestpartsofAfrica.MedicineisthefirstoftheNobelprizesawardedeachyear.Tupioneeredanewapproachtomalariatreatmentthathasbenefitedhundredsofmillionsofpeopleandpromisestobenefitmanytimesmore.Byapplyingmoderntechniquestoaheritageprovidedby5,000yearsofChinesetraditionaldoctorswhopracticealearnedprofession,shehasdelivereditsrichesintothe21stcentury.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Pre-reading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]JOHNSNOWDEFEATS①“KINGCHOLERA”②JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert③，indeed,thatheattended④QueenVictoria⑤asherpersonalphysician⑥.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedto⑦cholera.Thiswasthedeadly⑧diseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscure⑨wasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytime1therewasanoutbreak⑩.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallenge⑪andsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthat2possiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultiplied⑫intheair.Acloudof⑬dangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims⑭.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbed⑮thisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected3persondied.[再记住]①defeat[dI'fiːt]vt.打败；战胜；使受挫②KingCholera1854年爆发于英国的一次严重霍乱③expert['ekspɜːt]adj.熟练的n．专家；行家④attend[ə'tend]vt.照顾；护理；参加；出席⑤QueenVictoria维多利亚女王(1819～1901)⑥physician[fI'zIʃn]n．医生；内科医师⑦expose[Ik'spəʊz]．..to使……显露；暴露过去分词短语exposedtocholera作后置定语，修饰people。⑧deadly['dedlI]adj.致命的⑨cure[kjʊə]n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗⑩outbreak['aʊtbreIk]n．爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)⑪challenge['tʃælIndɜ]n．挑战vt.向……挑战⑫multiply['mʌltIplaI]v．繁殖；成倍增加；乘⑬acloudof一团……⑭victim['vIktIm]n．受害者⑮absorb[əb'zɔːb]vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorb...into...将……吸入……[难点理解]1.everytime每次；用作连词，连接时间状语从句。2.that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词theories。3.affected为过去分词，在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。[再翻译]约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的看法，斯诺对这两种看法比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，它像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒吸入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死亡。JohnSnowsuspected⑯thatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.Sowhenanotheroutbreakhit⑰Londonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry⑱.As4thediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods⑲，hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassosevere⑳that5morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.[先读通]Firsthemarkedon○21amaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived6.Thisgavehimavaluableclue○22aboutthecauseofthedisease.Manyofthedeaths○23werenearthewaterpump○24inBroadStreet○25(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet○26)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseen○27this,sohemadefurtherinvestigations○28.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthat7thewaterwastoblame○29.Next,JohnSnowlookedinto○30thesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted○31bythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandle○32fromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused8.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown○33.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygerms○34andnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupporting○35evidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedto○36theBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet9,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdelivered10toherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannounce○37withcertainty○38thatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.⑯suspect[sə'spekt]vt.认为；怀疑['sʌspekt]n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯⑰hitvt.(厄运、灾难等)突然袭击；侵袭⑱enquiry[In'kwaIərI]n．询问⑲neighbourhood['neIbəhʊd]n．附近；邻近⑳severe[sI'vIə]adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的[再记住][难点理解]4.as在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。5.so...that...“如此……以至于……”○21mark...on...把……标在……上○22clue[kluː]n．线索；提示○23deathn．死；死亡(人数)；死亡案例○24pump[pʌmp]n．泵；抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)○25BroadStreet牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集的街道之一。○26Cambridge['keImbrIdɜ]Street剑桥大街○27foresee[fɔː'siː]vt.(foresaw，foreseen)预见；预知○28investigation[In'vestI'ɡeIʃn]n．调查○29blame[bleIm]vt.责备；谴责n．过失；责备betoblame应受责备；该受责备○30lookinto调查；了解○31pollute[pə'luːt]vt.污染；弄脏○32handle['hændl]n．柄；把手vt.处理；操纵○33slowdown减缓；缓解○34germ[dʒɜːm]n．微生物；细菌[难点理解]6.w