2020年高中英语 Module 4 Great Scientists Section Ⅳ Gram

Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅣGrammar&Writing被动语态和by＋v.ing形式第一板块单元语法1．(教材P32)Rice___also______(grow)inmanyotherAsiancountries,andinsomeEuropeancountrieslikeItaly.2．(教材P32)YuanLongpingwasbornand________(bring)upinChina.3．(教材P32)Asaboyhe_____________(educate)inmanyschoolsand__________(give)thenickname,“thestudentwhoasksquestions”．isgrownbroughtwaseducatedwasgiven4．(教材P32)Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis—___crossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,andthenhecouldproduceanewplantwhichcouldgiveahigheryieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.5．(教材P32)Theresultsofhisexperiments_______________(publish)inChinain1966.bywerepublished6．(教材P32)InPakistanriceisthesecondmostimportantcropafterwheatand______________(grow)inmanypartsofthecountry.7．(教材P32)Thenewhybridrice___________________(develop)bytheYuanLongpingHigh­techAgriculturalCompanyofChina.willbegrownhasbeendeveloped一、被动语态英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者可用by引出。被动语态主要用于当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。被动语态的一般构成：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。1．被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are＋过去分词am/is/are＋being＋过去分词has/have＋been＋过去分词过去was/were＋过去分词was/were＋being＋过去分词hadbeen＋过去分词将来shall/will＋be＋过去分词shall/will＋havebeen＋过去分词过去将来should/would＋be＋过去分词should/would＋havebeen＋过去分词◆(2018·天津卷)Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.我的洗衣机这周正在修理，所以我得用手洗衣服。◆(2016·北京卷)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功。◆(重庆卷)Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。◆Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartharewashedawayeachyear.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。2．“get＋过去分词”构成被动语态这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果，动作的执行者一般不指出来。◆Theboygothurtwhenhewasridingtoschool.那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。[温馨提示]没有被动语态的常见动词或动词短语：(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词(短语)有：have“有”；cost“花费”；lack“缺少”；own“拥有”；suit“适合”；hold“抓住”；fit“适合”；belongto“属于”；takepartin“参加”。(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/takeplace/occur“发生”；remain“剩下”；breakout“爆发”；last“持续”；comeout“出版”；comeup“被提出”；loseheart“失去信心”；datefrom/backto“追溯到”；runout“用完”。3．被动语态的特殊情况(1)情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词◆Thisbookmustnotbetakenoutofthelibrary.本书不得带出图书馆。(2)感官动词(see，watch，hear，notice，listento，lookat)或使役动词make等后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但变被动语态时，必须加上不定式符号to。◆Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitarinthehouse.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitarbyusinthehouse.我们经常听到他在房间里弹吉他。(3)主动形式表示被动意义的情况：①系动词(feel，look，seem，taste，sound，become，turn，prove，get，grow等)＋形容词，构成系表结构。◆Thisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone.这件衬衫比那件摸起来柔软多了。②表示主语的特征或特点的动词，如write，sell，wash，cook等常用主动形式表示被动含义，这时常与副词easily，well等连用。◆Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布很好洗。◆Hisnewnovelsellswell.他的新小说很畅销。二、by＋v.­ing形式by可以表示方法、方式、手段等，意为“通过……方式，靠……，凭……”，后接v.­ing作宾语，构成“by＋doing”形式，常作为方式状语。◆(全国卷Ⅱ)Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percentcanthepatientsbetreatedproperlyinthishospital.只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。◆ShelearnedEnglishwellbylisteningtotheradioandreadingaloud.她通过听收音机和大声朗读学好了英语。[温馨提示]by的其他用法：(1)by＋交通工具的名词(名词前不加冠词，不变复数)，意为“通过……，乘……”。如：bycar/bus/bike/plane等。Hegoestoworkbycareveryday.他每天开车去上班。(2)by＋the＋具体的时间或度量名词，意为“按……计算，按……买(卖)”。如bytheday/hour/year/kilometer/dozen(按打)等。Thebankcalculatestheinterestonbillsbytheday.银行按日计算利息。(3)by＋数量词，表升降、增减的程度。Withproductionupby60%，thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩非常好。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2．(2016·四川卷)Thegiantpanda_________(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.3．(安徽卷)Itisreportedthataspacestation______________(build)onthemooninyearstocome.hadbeentrappedislovedwillbebuilt4．(2019·天津卷)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,__________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.5．Look!Thechildren________________(take)goodcareofbytheiraunt.6．Thepenonthedesk________(belong)toPeter,which_______(write)well.7．(2019·重庆一中月考)Haveyouboughtthebookthat______(sell)wellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.wasgivenarebeingtakenbelongswritessells8．Thestudentsweremade________(hand)intheirhomeworkbeforeclass.9．IopenedabankaccountafterImade$1,000by______(do)apart­timejobduringthesummervacation.10．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.tohanddoingbemadeⅡ.单句改错1．Thebuilding，whichlooksbeautiful,builtbyourschoollastyear.______________2．Myfatherenjoyshissparetimebyreadingnewspapersorlistentothemusic._________________built前加waslisten→listening3．Thatkindofclothwaswashedwell,soitwonthewelcomeofhousewives._________4．GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningpolicy.__________5．Ihaven'tmovedintomynewhouse,foritispainted._____________去掉was去掉beenis后加beingⅢ.语法与写作1．当我加入他们时，他们正在讨论老师提出的那个问题。Theproblemraisedbytheteacher____________________whenIjoinedthem.2．截止到上个月月末，他新写的小说已被翻译成了英文。Hisnewlywrittennovel_______________________________bytheendoflastmonth.wasbeingdiscussedhadbeentranslatedintoEnglish3．校运动会将在下星期举行吗？_____theschoolsportsmeeting________nextweek?4．她通过大声朗读来练习发音。Shepracticespronunciation_________________.5．这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很舒服。Thecloth___________________