2020版新教材高中英语 Unit 3 The world of science课件 外研版必修3

Unit3TheworldofscienceDronesCouldHelpBiologistsTallyBirdsEcologistscrouchingquietlyamidstvegetation,usingbinocularstotallybirdsinaroost,maysoonbeacharmingrelicofthepast.Becauseanewstudyshowsthat,whenitcomestogettinganaccurateavianheadcount,aerialdronescandobetter.Inrecentyears,scientistswhostudywildpopulationsareincreasinglyturningtoremotelypilotedaircraft...otherwiseknownasdrones...tomonitortheiranimalofinterest.Forexample,dronesarebeingusedtotrackpodsofwhales...ortokeepaneyeonAfricanelephantherdsandwatchforsignsofpoaching.Suchremotesurveysaregenerallyconsideredhighlycost-effective.Butitwasn’tclearwhethertheyareasaccurateasold-fashioned,feet-on-the-groundexpertevaluations.Tofindouttheanswer,researchersinAustraliasetupatest.“Andsowhatwedidwasmakesomereplicaseabirdcolonieswhereweknewthetruenumberofindividualsineachcolony.”JarrodHodgsonoftheUniversityofAdelaideledthestudy.Usingdecoy-sizedrubberducks,theresearcherslaidout10coloniesranginginsizefromabout500tomorethan1,000individuals.“Wethenhadexperiencedgroundcountersmakeindependentcountsofthosebirdsfromnearby,fromtheoptimumvantagepoint.Atthesametime,weflewadroneoverheadcapturingphotographsatdifferentheightsabovethecolony.”Thedronedatawerethenanalyzedtwoways.First,agaggleofcitizen–scientistswastaskedwithaddingupthenumberofbirdstheycouldseeineachscene.Theresultsofthatapproach:“Wefoundthatonaveragethedrone-deriveddataorthedrone-derivedcountsmadebyhumanscountingtheimageswerebetween43percentand96percentmoreaccuratethanthetraditionalground-basedcounts.”Thebettertheimage,themoreaccuratethecount.Then,Hodgsonandhisteamdevelopedasemi-automatedcomputerprogramtodothecountingforthem.Andtheyfound:“...therewasnostatisticaldifferencebetweenthosecountsandthecountscompletedbyourvolunteersusingexactlythesameimagery.”无人机可以帮助生物学家记录鸟类生态学家安静地蹲伏在植被中间,用双筒望远镜观察并记录栖息地中的鸟类数量,这种方法可能很快就会成为迷人的“老古董”。因为一项新研究表明,在获得鸟类的准确数量方面,空中无人机可以做得更好。近年来,研究野生种群的科学家逐渐使用遥控飞机,即无人机,来监测他们感兴趣的动物。例如:无人机现在被用来追踪鲸群,或观察非洲象群并密切注意偷猎迹象。这种远程调查通常被认为具有很高的性价比。但是并不清楚这种方法是否像老式的实地专家评估那样准确。为了找到答案,澳大利亚研究人员进行了一项测试。“我们所做的就是复制一些海鸟种群,我们知道每个种群真实的个体数量。”阿德莱德大学的杰罗德·霍奇森领导了这项研究。研究人员用假鸟大小的橡皮鸭铺开10块聚居地,每块区域的橡皮鸭数量从约500只到1000多只不等。“然后,我们请经验丰富的地面计数员在最佳地点独立计算鸭子数量。同时,我们放飞一架无人机在聚居地上空不同高度拍摄照片。”无人机数据用两种方式进行分析。首先,一组公民科学家把他们在每个照片场景中看到的鸭子数量合计起来。该方法的结果是:“我们发现,平均来说,无人机得出的数据,或者说人工统计无人机所拍摄图片中鸭子数量的准确率,比传统的地面计数方法高43%到96%。”照片拍得越好,计数越准确。随后,霍奇森和团队开发了一种半自动化电脑程序来计算鸭子数量。他们发现:“……电脑程序的统计结果与志愿者用完全相同的照片所得出的计数结果没有差异。”【导语】TheBigBangTheory是电视剧TheBigBangTheory(《生活大爆炸》)的主题曲,该剧是一部以“科学天才”为背景的情景喜剧。注:听音填空TheBigBangTheoryOurwholeuniversewasinahotdensestate,Thennearlyfourteenbillionyearsagoexpansionstarted.Wait...TheEarthbegantocool,Theautotrophsbegantodrool,Neanderthals①______________,Webuiltawall(webuiltthepyramids),Math,science,history,unravelingthemysteries,Thatallstartedwith②___________!“Sincethedawnofman”isreallynotthatlong,Aseverygalaxywasformedinlesstimethanittakestosingthissong.developedtoolsthebigbangAfractionofasecondandtheelementsweremade.Thebipeds③_______________,Thedinosaursallmettheirfate,They④___________buttheywerelate,Andtheyalldied(theyfrozetheirassesoff),TheoceansandpangeastoodupstraighttriedtoleapSeeya,wouldn’twannabeyaSetinmotionbythesamebigbang!Itallstartedwiththebigbang!It’sexpandingeveroutwardbutonedayItwillcausethestarstogotheotherway,Collapsingeverinward,wewon’tbehere,itwon’tbehurt,Ourbestandbrightestfigurethatit’llmakeanevenbiggerbang!Australopithecuswouldreallyhavebeensickofus,Debatingoutwhileherethey’recatchingdeer(we’recatchingviruses)Religionorastronomy,Encarta,DeuteronomyItallstartedwiththebigbang!Musicandmythology,EinsteinandastrologyItallstartedwiththebigbang!ItallstartedwiththebigBANG!【词海拾贝】【听力微语系列】失去爆破英语音标中的6个爆破音:/p/,/b/,/k/,/g/,/t/,/d/,当一个爆破音跟另一个爆破音相遇时往往失去爆破。此时,第一个爆破音不必发出,只需做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。如歌曲中ahotdensestate的hot和dense;Ourbestandbrightestfigure中的brightest和figure等。【即时训练】听下面材料,回答问题。1.Whatwillthespeakershavefordinnertonight?A.Chinesefood.B.Italianfood.C.Americanfood.2.Whatwillthewomando?A.GoswimmingwithRay.B.Takeawalkaroundthelake.C.Havelunchwiththeman.3.Whatdoesthemanworryabout?A.Hecan’tgototheexhibition.B.Somefamouspaintingswouldbedestroyed.C.Hecan’tunderstandtheguides’language.答案:1～3.BAC【听力原文】Text1W:Hedoesn’twanttoeatItalianfoodtonight.M:Sowhat?Hedoesn’thavetocometodinnerwithus.Wecanmeetupwithhimlateratthebar.Text2M:Hi,Nancy.It’sPaul.Theweatherissogreattoday.Howabouttakingawalkaroundthelake?W:Well,Iwishyouhadaskedmethismorning.Rayjustaskedmetohangoutduringlunch.I’msupposedtogoswimmingwithhim.Text3W:Hey,theMetropolitanMuseumisholdingaspecialexhibitionthisweek.M:What’stheexhibit?W:44paintingsbyMonet,Gauguin,andVanGoghthatsettheworldonfire!Doyouwanttogotherewithme?M:Sure,itsoundslikefun.IhopetherearesometourguidesthatcanspeakChinese,though.【歌曲译文】宇宙一度又烫又稠密140亿年前终于爆了炸等着瞧……地球开始降温自养生物来起哄尼安德特人发展了工具我们建长城(我们建金字塔)数学自然科学历史揭开神秘一切由大爆炸开始其实人类历史没有多久星系形成时间比唱完这支歌还要短元素在微秒间便形成了两足动物直立行走恐龙都得认命了想要突变没来得及就死光光了(屁股都冻成了化石)大洋和泛古陆拜拜才不想学你都是爆炸惹的祸一切从大爆炸开始宇宙向外膨胀但有一天星球会反方向运动向内坍塌反正我们不在了不会觉得疼我们美好光辉的形象将引发一场更大的爆炸南方古猿肯定不爽我们在他们捉鹿时唧唧歪歪(我们现在捉电脑病毒了)宗教天文e百科旧约申命记一切从大爆炸开始音乐神话爱因斯坦占星术一