2020版高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes Section Ⅳ Grammar & W

Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅣGrammar&Writing定语从句(Ⅰ)第一板块单元语法1．Thenumberofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.2．Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.3．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthoseweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．Ahugecrackwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses，roadsandcanals.5．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorshomeshadbeendestroyed.who/thatwhich/thatwhothat/whichwhose一、定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个房子在地震中被摧毁的人。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。[即时演练1]——关系代词填空①Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourmother?②Thosewanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.④ThegirlgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.⑤Ilikethosebookstopicsareabouthistory.whowhowho/whomwhowhose4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)[名师指津](1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？[即时演练2]——关系代词填空①Look,herearesomepeopleIwantyoutomeet.②Thepicturewasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.who/whom/thatwhich/that三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1．当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。[即时演练3]——补全句子①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。Thisisthemostbeautifulpark.②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople.③聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。Chattingwasinterestedhermost.thatIhavevisitedthatshewasinterestedintheonlythingthatⅠ.单句语法填空1．Istillremembertheearthquakehappenedin2008inSichuan.2．HaveyoureadthebookwaswrittenbyAnneFrank?3．Thefirstthinghedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.that/whichwhich/thatthat4．Isthistheteacherrescuedseveralstudentsfromtheburningbuilding?5．DoyouknowtheladyourEnglishteacheristalkingwithunderthebigtree?6．ItisthetallestbuildingDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.7．Myfatherboughtanewbikeformepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.who/thatwho/thatthatwhose8．Shesaidshewoulddoanythingcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9．Anyonehashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10．Theboyandthedogareinthepictureareverylovely.thatwhothatⅡ.单句改错1．ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodwhichIhaveeverhad.2．Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwherewevisitedthreemonthsago？3．Anystudentwhofamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.which→that/省略where→that/which/省略who→whose4．Hehasawalkeverynight,thatdoesgoodtohim.5．Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingswhichtheysawinthefactory.that→whichwhich→that/省略Ⅲ.语法与写作1．这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。ThisistheveryhotelwhenIwastravellinghere.2．他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。Heisaman.3．这正是我要找的那本书。Thisistheverybook.(that)IstayedatwhomweareallreadytolearnfromthatIamlookingfor4．发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。Theearthquakeshockedthepeopleallovertheworld.5．她是通过考试的女孩之一。Sheisoneofthegirls.that/whichhappenedinTangshanin1976whohavepassedtheexam如何写新闻报道第二板块单元写作新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是的报道。一、注意事项1．写作过程中要保持事件的真实性、准确性、及时性。2．要有明确的文章结构。3．语言要具体、准确、简练；通俗易懂。二、基本结构英语新闻报道通常包括四部分。1．标题，标题应当简洁明了。2．导语，导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。3．主体，主体是消息的主要部分，要用充足的事实表现主题，对导语的内容作进一步的展开和阐述。4．结束语，通常是对全文内容进行概括性的总结。三、增分佳句1．陈述事实常用的句型：①Aterriblestormhit/struckJapan.强风暴袭击了日本。②Itwasacoolautumnnightwhentheaccidenthappened.事故发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。③Withthehelpoftherescueteam,peoplewhoweretrappedinthefloodweresaved.在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。2．陈述观点常用的句型：Clearly/Obviously/Inmyopinion/Itseemedthatpeoplewereshocked.显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。3．揭示原因常用的句型：Becauseof/Asaresultof/Thankstothehelpofthearmy,peoplewhogotinjuredweresenttothehospitalimmediately.因为/幸亏有军队的帮助，受伤的人们被立即送往医院。4．总结全文常用的句型：Inaword/Todrawaconclusion/Ibelievewewillbuilda