2020版高中英语 Module 1 Europe Section Ⅱ Grammar课件 外研版必

一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态[语境领悟]①Peter,youarewantedonthephone.It'syourmother.②Listentoyourfriends'problemsandgiveadvicewhenyouareasked.③ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell.④Hetoldmehewouldn'tattendyourbirthdaypartyunlesshewasinvited.[知识归纳](1)构成：被动语态由“be＋及物动词过去分词”构成；一般现在时的被动语态由“is/am/are＋及物动词的过去分词”构成(例①)；一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were＋及物动词的过去分词”构成(例③)。(2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时的被动语态表示一般将来时的被动语态(例②)；用一般过去时的被动语态表示过去将来时的被动语态(例④)。[名师点津]1.主动形式表示被动意义(1)表示主语属性的动词read,write,sell,wash,wear,cook等，且由easily,well等词修饰时。Theclothwasheswell.这块布很好洗。(2)连系动词smell,sound,taste,feel,prove等，也常用主动形式表达被动含义。Theclothfeelssoft.这块布摸起来很柔软。(3)表示发生、爆发和传播等不及物动词或短语如：happen,occur,spread,takeplace,breakout,runout等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。WhenWorldWarIbrokeout,heseemedtohavebecomeanotherman,downhearted.第一次世界大战爆发时，他似乎变成了另一个人，非常消沉。(4)need,want,require的主动形式表示被动意义。Hishairneedscutting.他的头发需要理了。2．一些常用的经典被动句型：Itissaid/thought/reported/expectedthat...*Itissaidthatthepriceofmeatwillgoupnextmonth.据说下个月肉价会上涨。二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。1.意义一致(1)由and连接的两个单数名词指同一个人或同一事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：breadandbutter黄油面包，knifeandfork刀叉。Thesingeranddanceriscomingforavisit.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来参观。Thepoetandwriterisverypopularwithus.那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢迎。(2)形复意单的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：news,maths,politics,physics,works,means,theUnitedStates等。Thenewsisquiteshocking.这个消息令人十分震惊。liticsisherfavouritesubject.政治是她最喜欢的学科。(3)“the＋形容词/分词”表示一类人，如therich,theyoung,theliving等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.病人已被治愈，失踪者也已被找到。(4)family,class,team,government等集合名词如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。ThefamilyhassettledinCanada.这家人已定居加拿大。Hisfamilyareallimportantpersons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(5)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Twodaysisn'tenoughformetofinishthework.Ineedathirdday.对我来说，完成这项工作两天是不够的，我还需要一天。(6)“分数/百分数＋of短语”作主语时，根据of后的名词的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Twothirdsofthetreeshavebeencutdown.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Twothirdsofthesouphasbeeneaten.三分之二的汤被喝掉了。(7)all,any,half,most,therest,part等与of短语连用作主语时，谓语动词根据of后所接名词的单复数形式而定。Therestofthestudentsareintheclassroom.其余的学生都在教室里。Therestofthewaterisforyou.剩下的水是给你的。2．语法一致(1)当主语是由and,both...and连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every,each,no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Bothyouandshehaveagoodchanceofgettingthejob.你和她都很有机会得到那份工作。Every/Eachboyandevery/eachgirlwasgivenadictionary.每个男孩和女孩都得到一本字典。(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。Tobaccoalongwithalcoholistaxedinmostcountries.烟草和酒在多数国家都要征税。Heaswellashisbrothersiscomingtovisityou.他和他的弟弟们将要来拜访你。(3)非谓语动词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Whetherhewillcomeisdoubtful.他是否会来还不知道。[名师点津]在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。Whatweneedaregoodteachers.我们需要的是好老师。(4)“manya/morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudenthasfinishedhiswork.不止一个学生完成了作业。(5)none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但代表不可数的东西时总是看做单数，因而谓语动词用单数。Noneofusare/isperfect.人无完人。Noneofthisworriesme.这事儿一点也不使我着急。(6)trousers,shoes,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但这些词前面若有apairof，谓语动词用单数。Theshoesareoutofdate.这些鞋子过时了。Thispairofshoesisoutofdate.这双鞋子过时了。3．就近一致(1)由or,either...or,neither...nor，but或notonly...butalso...连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式根据靠近它的主语而定。Neitherhisparentsnorheisabankclerk.他父母和他都不是银行职员。NotonlyJackbutalsohisparentsarecomingtoseeyou.不仅是杰克，他父母也要来看你。(2)here,there引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语动词也与最近的主语一致。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。TherearemanyroutesfromChinatoEurope.从中国到欧洲有许多路线可走。[考情分析]被动语态是英语中的基础语法，是考查的重点，而一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态更是考查的重中之重。[即学即练1]单句填空1．Allvisitorstothisvillage_____________(treat)withkindness.2．Thefirstrailwayintheworld____________(design)inthelastcentury.3．She________(give)tenminutestodecidewhethersheshouldrefusetheoffer.4．Mary____________(invite)tothepartylastnight.5．Theflowersweresolovelythatthey________(sell)outinnotime.6．Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.7．Tomydelight,I____________(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.are/weretreatedwasdesignedwasgivenwasinvitedweresoldwasheldwaschosen[即学即练2]Ⅰ.单句填空1．—Didhegototheconcertlastnight?—Yes.Everyboyandeverygirlinthearea____________(invite)2．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.3．Aboutfiftypercentofstudentsinourclass____(be)girls.4．Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________(regard)asoneofthebestall­roundformsofexercise.5．Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________________(build)atpresentinthefloodedarea.wasinvitedwearsareisregardedisbeingbuilt6．Tom,togetherwithhiswifeandhissons,____(be)goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.7．ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities____(have)beenrisingsteadilysince1990.8．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich____________(save)forotherpurposes.9．Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts____(have)causedsometeenagerstosufferhearingloss.10．Thepoetandwriter____(be)verypopularwithus.11．Herfamilyisverybigandallofherfamily____(be)fondofmusic.ishasweresavedhasisare12．Playingthepianoandcollectingstamps____(be)myhobbies.13．EitheryouorI____(be)goingtoattendthemeeting.14．There____(be)amagazineandsomenewspapersonthetable.15．Al