2020版高考英语一轮总复习 课时作业37 Unit 2 Cloning课件 新人教版选修8

课时作业37Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019·烟台一中高三适应性考试)Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon­reproductivecells,reducingtheneedtobreedlabmonkeysandpavingthewayformoreaccurate,effectiveandaffordableanimaltestsfornewdrugs,scientistssaidonThursday.ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemacaques(猕猴)named“ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomaticcells(体细胞)—anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.Tetra,amonkeybornin1999,istheworld'sfirstclonedmonkey,butitwasdonebyusingasimplermethodcalledembryosplitting(胚胎分割);butitcouldonlygeneratefourclonedoffspringatatimeandcannotbegeneticallychangedtosuittheexperimentalneed.Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld­classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(灵长类)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeup,andthereforeallofitscomplexity,withhumans.Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostlyandbadfortheenvironment,andproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.Bycloningmonkeyusingsomaticcells,wecanmassivelycultivatelargenumbersofgeneticallyidenticaloffspringinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds.Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.SunQiang,directorofthenon­humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent.“Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans，”hesaid.Thisisespeciallyusefulintestingdrugsforneural(神经的)diseasessuchasParkinson'sdisease,metabolicsyndrome(代谢综合征)andimmunesystemdiseases,andtumors,headded.“ThisachievementwillhelpChinaleadtheworldresearchintheinternationalscienceprojectsrelatedtoneuralmappingofprimatebrains，”hesaid.“However,biolabsfromtheUnitedStates,Japan,andEuropeancountriesarealsoverycapable,andtheywillquicklycatchupwithChinaafterthemonkeycloningtechnologyismadepublic，”Sunadded.“Thismeanswehavetoinnovatecontinuouslyandworkextrahardthisyeartostayahead，”hesaid.本文是一篇科普类说明文。讲述了中国在克隆技术上取得的成就——中国成了第一个使用非生殖细胞克隆猕猴的国家。1．Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorincloningmacaquesnamed“ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”？A．Reproductivecells.B．Somaticcells.C．Neuralmapping.D．Geneticmakeup.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemacaques(猕猴)named“ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomaticcells(体细胞)—anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.可知，克隆的猕猴“中中”和“华华”最重要的因素是通过体细胞核移植。故选B。2．Whyiscloningmonkeyssodifficult?A．Becauseitisbadforourenvironment.B．Becauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.C．Becausemonkeys'geneticmakeupisascomplicatedashumans.D．Becauseitistooexpensivetoworkontheirgeneticmakeup.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld­classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(灵长类)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeup,andthereforeallofitscomplexity,withhumans.可知，由于猴子是灵长类动物且与人类的基因相似，其复杂性也相似，所以用体细胞克隆猴子是一个世界级的挑战。故选C。3．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph8?A．Thecureforneuraldiseases.B．Theprocessofcloningmonkeys.C．Thesignificanceofcloningmonkeys.D．Thecloserelationsbetweenmonkeysandhumans.答案：C解析：段落大意题。根据文章第八段内容可知，此段主要说明克隆猴子的重要性，可以帮助人类测试药物。故选C。4．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．Moreeffectivemedicinewillbeproduced.B．Drugtrialsonlabmicewillbeabandoned.C．Chinaisthefirstcountrytohaveclonedmonkeys.D．Chinawillstayaheadoftheworldincloning.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第六段Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.可知，此举可节省时间，降低试验费用，并且可以使结果更精确，带来更高效的药物。由此可以推测出，更多的有效药物将被生产出来。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2019·广东省湛江市高三调研)ThismorningIsawanoldman.Afewmonthsagohewas__1__cansandbottlesfromtherecyclebinsinmyneighborhood.Iwas__2__toseeandsaddenedbythefactthathehadtodothisto__3__.Ithoughtaboutputtingbottlesinabagforhimwithanoteattached__4__thatthebagwasforhimtotake，butthenthoughtitmaynotbethebest__5__.SoIletitgo.One__6__dayIsawhimagainridinghisbikewithbagsofbottles__7__tohishandle­barswearingaraincoat.Myheart__8__.Ifelt__9__thinkingIcouldneverconnectwithhim.Soyoucanimaginemy__10__whenIsawhimduringmywalkagain.ThenI__11__thebigbagofcansandbottlesIhadcollected.“Hecanhavethose！”Ithought.Iwalked__12__overtohimandmanagedtowhisperaveryquiet“Hi”．Iwasalittle__13__.Ihadneverapproachedanyonelikehimbefore.IaskedhimifhecouldwaittheresothatIcouldgethimsomemore__14__.Hesaid，“Thatwouldbeverymuchappreciated.”I__15__mybagandcamebackin5minutesandtherehewasintheshade__16__.Ihandedthebagtohimand__17__tohimthatitwasn'tmuch.Andthenwithabright__18__hesaid，“Everylittlebit__19__.Thankssomuch.”Iwishedhimagreatdayandrestartedmywalkfeelingalittle__20__inmystep.错失了一次帮助拾荒老人的机会让我非常后悔。所以当我再看到他时，我便毫不犹豫地帮助了他。1．A.pickingB．buyingC．gatheringD．collecting答案：D解析：考查现在分词。A.picking采摘，挑选；B.buying买；C.gathering聚集；D.collecting收集。由本空后的therecyclebins推断，几个月以前，我见到他正从我房后的垃圾箱里捡(collecting)废瓶子和罐子。故选D。2．A.shockedB．excitedC．annoyedD．disappointed答案：A解析：考查形容词。A.shocked感到震惊；B.exci