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专题一语法运用第三节核心考点讲练通基础保分三形容词和副词形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、形容词和副词的词性转换等。形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级和最高级;短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。两者进行比较时,用比较级,此时的标志词为than,但需特别注意没有than时的比较级;三者或三者以上进行比较时,用最高级,此时往往用in或者of表示比较范围,但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。语法填空中的形容词和副词考点[高考这样考]1.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhave____________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.2.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears____________(long)thannonrunners.3.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)However,be____________(care)nottogotoextremes.[题目这么解]1.若设空在形容词之前,要考虑用副词修饰形容词表示程度,如completelywrong;2.若设空在动词(短语)之前或之后,要考虑用副词修饰动词(如题1);3.若设空在一个句子的前面,要考虑用副词修饰整个句子;4.若设空在名词之前,一般空格处需填提示词的形容词形式作定语;5.若设空在系动词之后,要考虑用形容词作表语(如题3);6.句中无比较意义用原级;在比较结构so/as...as...中用原级;7.句中有比较含义用比较级或最高级(如题2)。注意:否定句中用比较级表示肯定的最高级。自我诊断:1.finally2.longer3.careful[类题对点练]1.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Evenworse(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.2.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.3.(2019·河南郑州五校联考)Carsandothervehiclesburnpetrolintheirengines,andelectricalpowerplantsmostoftenburnfuelssuchascoalandoilinordertoproduceelectricity.Therefore/Thus,_themorepetrolandelectricityweconsume,themorecarbondioxidewearelettingoff.4.(2019·湖南浏阳六校联考)Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,everlastingloveandhappiness,earlybirthofahealthy_(health)babyandsoon.短文改错中的形容词和副词考点[高考这样考]1.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.____________2.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.____________3.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.____________4.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.____________5.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.____________[题目这么解]1.看修饰关系:修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子用副词;修饰名词要用形容词(如题5);连系动词后作表语通常不可用副词(如题2);在动词make,keep,find,leave,consider等后用形容词作宾语补足语;2.看固定用法:修饰可数名词用many/few,修饰不可数名词用much/little;当most前面有a时,表示“非常”;3.看比较范围:无比较用原级(如题3),两者比较用比较级,三者及三者以上比较用最高级;4.看有无重复:so与very表达同一含义,故不能同时使用;5.看同根形容词或副词的区别(如题1,题4)。自我诊断:1.interesting→interested2.happily→happy3.larger→large4.late→later5.suddenly→sudden[类题对点练]1.(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.答案:Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.2.(2019·河北石家庄五校联考)StandingontheGreatWall,Ifeltveryproudly.Ithoughtoftheoldsayingthat“OnewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotahero.”答案:StandingontheGreatWall,Ifeltveryproudlyproud.Ithoughtoftheoldsayingthat“OnewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotahero.”3.(2019·河南开封期末检测)However,myfavoritesubjectismusic,especiallyclassicalmusicwhichoftenmakesmyheartpeacefully.答案:However,myfavoritesubjectismusic,especiallyclassicalmusicwhichoftenmakesmyheartpeacefullypeaceful.4.HeknowsmyspokenChineseissuchgoodthathewantsmetohaveatry.答案:HeknowsmyspokenChineseissuchsogoodthathewantsmetohaveatry.5.Asaresult,weallthinkthattheopeningweekwasofgreatsuccessful.答案:Asaresult,weallthinkthattheopeningweekwasofgreatsuccessfulsuccess.形容词和副词考点的核心知识提炼一、常见的易用错的形容词和副词1.以ly结尾的形容词。如:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。2.意义有别的同根副词。如:close靠近(通常指距离)closely密切地,仔细地hard努力地;费力地hardly几乎不most最,(程度上)最大,非常mostly一般地,主要地二、ed型形容词和ing型形容词第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(ing),还是“感到……”(ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(ing),还是感受(ed)。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。三、形容词变副词的规则1.一般情况加lycommon→commonlyimmediate→immediately2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,将y改为i然后加lysteady→steadilybusy→busily3.以le结尾,去掉e加ysimple→simplygentle→gently4.以ic结尾,加allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientifically四、such和so的区别so是副词,可以放在形容词或副词之前作状语,如sobeautiful,sowell;such是限定词,可用来修饰名词,作定语。要注意以下几点:①suchabeautifulgirl=sobeautifulagirl,suchalovelyday=solovelyaday。②当名词前有many,much,few,little(少的)修饰时,则只能用so,而不能用such。如:Hehassolittleinformation.他只有那么一点点信息。注意:当little作“小的”解时,用such,如suchalittleanimal这样的一个小动物。五、几个特殊词表示“最高程度”的形容词favo(u)rite,excellent,extreme,perfect等既没有最高级也没有比较级。下列词语不用比较级形式却表示比较含义:inferior,minor,senior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable。
本文标题:2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题一 语法运用 第三节 基础保分三 形容词和副词课件
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