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当前位置:首页 > 临时分类 > 2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题二 阅读理解 第二节 推理判断题课件
专题二阅读理解第二节推理判断题[常见设问形式]1.细节推理判断题细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。呈现形式有:·Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.·Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.·Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.2.观点、态度推理判断题该类型的命题常常以下列形式呈现:·Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.·Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.·Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas________.3.写作意图推理判断题该类型的命题常常以下列形式呈现:·Themainpurposeofthistextis________.·What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?·Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismainlywrittenfor________.·Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.·Theauthorinthispassageintendsto________.4.文章出处推理判断题该类型的命题常常以下列形式呈现:·Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom________.·Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoumostprobablyreadthetext?·Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?·Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?[正确选项特征]推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点,正确选项一般具有以下特征:1.“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。2.选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念,如only,never,all,absolutely等;正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇,如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。[干扰选项特征]1.主观臆断:没有基于原文进行推断,而是根据常识推断。2.过度推断:有时作者只是客观地叙述事实,并未做评论,而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵,并不意味着就买不起。3.错误推断:某些细节看似在原文中出现过,但与原文不符,或断章取义,或因果倒置等。4.细节代替推断:只是原文简单的叙述,而非推断出来的结论。题型1逻辑关联得推论(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B片段)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.24.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.[解题关键](1)题干关键词:infer_about_the_parent_from_her_reply_in_paragraph_1。(2)定位关键句:由首句“Youcanusemeasalastresort,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知,这位家长要求把她当作最后的选择,如果没人愿意做,她再做。由此推知她不愿参与志愿者活动。答案:C[技巧点拨]1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理:要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来去推理判断,确定最佳结论。3.以事实为依据:推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据,不能凭空想象。题型2文体特点看意图(2018·高考北京卷·阅读C片段)PlasticEatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit...46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepecobalance.[解题关键](1)题干关键词:the_main_purpose_of_the_passage。(2)定位关键句:根据文章标题、首段信息及第二段首句可知本文是科普说明文。旨在通过一项科学研究向读者介绍一种分解塑料的有效方法。答案:C[技巧点拨]toentertainreaders常见于故事类的文章;topersuadereaders常见于广告类的文章;toinformreaders多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。从文体的写作特点来看:记叙文:一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。广告类应用文:文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍,使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。说明文:写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握,阅读时需要找准主题句。议论文:提出论点→进行论证→得出结论,作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。题型3忠于措辞判态度(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D片段)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironmentfriendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.[解题关键](1)题干关键词:think_of_new_devices。(2)定位关键句:由本段最后一句“That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.”可知,做同样的事,过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。由此可推断,作者认为新设备更节能、更环保。答案:A[技巧点拨]1.注意作者或文中人物的措辞:文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思,切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)要善于捕捉描写环境气氛,用表达感情、观点态度和心理的词句来推断作者的观点态度。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。2.牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词汇:(1)表示支持或肯定:positive积极肯定的;supportive支持的;optimistic乐观的;humorous幽默的;enthusiastic热情的;pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立:indifferent不感兴趣的,漠不关心的;uninterested不感兴趣的;objective客观的;neutral中立的;notmentioned未提及的。(3)表示反对或否定:disgusted憎恶的,厌恶的;critical批评的;negative否定的,消极的;suspicious/skeptical怀疑的;disappointed失望的;disapproving不赞成的。题型4语言特色定出处(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C片段)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalowcostdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey...Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith...Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard...Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.
本文标题:2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题二 阅读理解 第二节 推理判断题课件
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