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专题一阅读理解第四节词义猜测题(2018·全国卷Ⅲ,D篇)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore__is__morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepreholidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonatelessusedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.34.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent'slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,题材是生活哲理。文章介绍了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。32.解析:词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.”可知,作者不认同前面的moreismore这种观点;再根据第一句可知,成人能够理解物质过剩的感受,可是当涉及孩子时,我们却会认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好。moreismore是相对于enoughisenough而言的。故选A。答案:A33.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句可知,当我们许诺把卖掉这些物品的钱放到她的教育基金里的时候,她才同意卖。故选C。答案:C34.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis”和第四句中的“Idecidedtoplaywithhim”可知,作者和儿子玩耍是为了测试自己的理论:livemorewithless。故选A。答案:A35.解析:主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句,即作者想要教会孩子“howtolivemorewithless”;接下来是作者为此所做的努力和尝试。文章最后一句也是对中心句的回应。故选C。答案:C词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力,主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力,而这些词或词组往往都超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题选项设计较短,要字斟句酌,可能是对原相应表达方式的错误改写,半对半错;或者故意丢三落四,释意不完整;或者曲解原意,却又符合一般常识,设置迷惑信息。一、常见命题形式①Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean?②Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”inParagraph2referto?③Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby________.④Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”?⑤Bysaying“...”wemean________.⑥“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas________.二、命题特点词义猜测题的难度深浅不一,但究其根源,一般有两种基本解题方法:联系上下文和构词法。联系上下文就是看相邻的两句话或者是一句话内部主句和从句之间的关系,是同义延伸还是反义驳斥,找到句子之间的关系后再找相应位置单词(或句子)的同义词或反义词就易如反掌了。构词法则是根据一个较难单词的词根、前后缀或是词组的后接介、副词分析出该单词或词组的大概含义,然后对照四个选项找出最接近的一个答案。该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。①根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。②根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。③根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,进而可推知其大致意思。④根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀,从而构成另外一个词。这个词可能是新词,但掌握了一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义了。⑤根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中,根据原因可以预测结果;同样,根据结果也可以找出原因。⑥根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it,that,this,he,him或them等可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事。[真题例析1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ,B篇节选)Buthe'snervous.“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynonnativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.[解题思路]第一步题干关键词underlinedword,referto第二步原文关键词nervous,youshould...should...,apronunciationdifficulty第三步比对选项关键词AImproperpauses.不适当的停顿。因果猜测BBadmanners.没有礼貌。曲解文意CSpellingmistakes.拼写错误。无中生有DSillyjokes.愚蠢的笑话。曲解文意第四步概括总结根据文段“totellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...Christripsonthe...”可知Chris因为紧张,演讲时说话有点磕巴,故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿,选A[真题例析2](2017·全国卷Ⅰ,C篇节选)Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C.Jazzbeinglesspopu
本文标题:2020版高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 专题一 阅读理解 第四节 词义猜测题课件
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