2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 3 Life in the future Section

Unit3LifeinthefutureSectionⅢGrammar过去分词(短语)作状语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Worriedaboutthejourney，Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.2.Well­knownfortheirexpertise，hisparents'company，called“FutureTours”，transportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.3.Hitbyalackoffreshair，myheadached.4.Exhausted，Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.1.例句1、3、4中的过去分词短语在句中作____状语。2.例句2中的过去分词短语在句中作____状语。原因伴随语法精要点拨一、过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动或完成的动作可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1．作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个when，while，after，once等引导的时间状语从句。Oncepublished(＝Onceitispublished)，thedictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。2．作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。Absorbedinpainting(＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting)，Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3．作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。Givenanotherhour(＝IfIamgivenanotherhour),Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。4．作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个though，although，evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句。Beatenbytheoppositeteam(＝Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam)，wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。5．作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。Theoldmangotonthebus，supportedbyagirl(＝andhewassupportedbyagirl)．在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。过去分词作状语的注意事项(1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，asif，asthough，if，unless，until，once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。If(Iam)invited，Iwillattendtheweddingofmyfriend.如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。RaisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(Raisedin...Glasgow的逻辑主语是he)因为是在Glasgow最贫穷的地区被抚养大，成为一名足球明星，他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。Disappointedattheexaminationresults，thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。[名师点津]值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)；dressedin(穿着)；tiredof(厌烦)。Lostinthought，hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。[即时演练1]单句语法填空①Ifwecandoas_________(mention)above，therewillbenodoubtthatwecanmasterEnglish.②Thereisclearevidencethatchildrenwhotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemory________(compare)withthosewhohavenomusicaltraining.mentionedcompared③When_______(expose)tostress，inwhateverform，allofusreactbothchemicallyandphysically.④_______(devote)tohisscienceresearch，hehasenjoyedfameallovertheworld.exposedDevoted二、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构，过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。Muchtimespentsittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.在办公桌前坐得太久，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。[即时演练2]用独立主格结构作状语改写句子①Afterthelecturewasgiven，alivelyquestion­and­answersessionfollowed.→_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Thelecturegiven，alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars，noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→____________________________________________________________________________________________________③Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor，hefeltveryhappy.→_________________________________________________Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars，noneofthemshippedtoforeigncountries.Extramoneygiventothepoor，hefeltveryhappy.三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。[巧学助记]分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用­ing，被动用­ed。Seenfromthetopfloor，thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.从顶层看去，花园看起来更漂亮了。Seeingfromthetopfloor，wecanfindthegardenmorebeautiful.从顶层看，我们能发现花园更漂亮。[名师点津]无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief.()Ifcaught，thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.()Ifthethiefiscaught，thepolicewillpunishhim.()×√√[即时演练3]单句语法填空①WhenIwaslittle，mymotherusedtositbymybed，_______(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree，________(absorb)inhisvideogames.③_____(ask)whyhewaslate，hecried.④_______(hear)thejoke，Icouldn'thelplaughing.tellingabsorbedAskedHearing语法应用落实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．____(leave)tohimself，thebabybegantocry.2．Sheacceptedthegift，deeply_____(move)．3．Wewenttothecinema，______(fill)withexcitement.4．Once______(pour)，watercannotbetakenback.5．______(see)thosepictures，hecouldn'thelpthinkingofthosedaysinhishometown.LeftmovedfilledpouredSeeing6．________(absorb)intheresearchwork，hehadnotimetomakeanytrip.7．Theoldmanlayonthebeachatease，_______(expose)tothesun.8．Generallyspeaking，when_____(take)accordingtothedirections，thedrughasnosideeffect.Absorbedexposedtaken9．When_____(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess，StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.10．Clearlyandthoughtfully_______(write)，thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.askedwrittenⅡ.用过去分词短语完成句子1．因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。__________________，thisarticlewasnotsogood.2．由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励，他工作更努力了。__________________________hehasmade，heworksharder.WritteninahurryEncouragedbytheprogress3．尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。Though___________________，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.4．老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。___________agroupofstudents，theteacherenteredtheclassroom.5．因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。______