安全技能培训专题：风险管理

风险管理RiskManagement内容Content‡概述Outline‡危害辨识技术方法和风险评估管理Hazardidentificationmethodandriskassessmentmanagement‡HAZOP危害辨识HAZOP‡LOPA危害辨识LOPA‡MOC管理MOC‡风险登记Riskregister‡风险控制措施的选择Measurements2006年6月HazardorRisk危害或风险BarriersorControls障碍或控制1Plant(Hardware)装置（硬件）2Process管理流程、制度3People人员Incident事故Focusingonthe3Ps关注3P风险管理Riskmanagement风险管理是一个不间断的过程，是所有HSE要素的基础。我们定期识别存在的危害，并评估与我们的业务活动相关的风险。我们将采取适当的措施管理这种风险，从而防止潜在事故的发生或降低其影响ManagementofriskisacontinuousprocessandthecornerstoneofalltheHSEElements.Wewillregularlyidentifythehazardsandassesstherisksassociatedwithouractivities.Wewilltakeappropriateactiontomanagetherisksandhencepreventorreducetheimpactofpotentialaccidentsorincidents•P•D•C•ARisk风险•Definition:定义−Thecombinationofundesiredconsequenceswiththelikelihoodthattheconsequenceswilloccur.不良后果和可能性结合•Risk=ConsequenceXLikelihood风险=后果X可能性•Risk=f(C,L)风险=（后果，可能性）的函数•RiskdependsonSafeguards风险取决于保障措施•HazardorRisk•危害或风险•1Plant(Hardware)装置（硬件）•2Process过程•3People人员•Incident事故•••••••••••••••••PHSSERAlignmentwithCVP项目HSSE审核与CVP对接•APPRAISE•评价•DSP•Gate•DSP•Gate•SELECT•选择•DSP•Gate•EXECUTE•执行•Finalizeprojectscope,costandscheduleandgetprojectfunded•昀终项目范围、成本和进度以及项目融资•Produceanoperatingassetconsistent•withscope,costandschedule•产生操作资产，与范围、成本和进度一致•MainProject•CVPStaged•Deliverables•项目主要CVP阶段•交工文件•HSSEReview•Requirements•HSSE审查要求Pre-StartuPHSSER开车前PHSSER•CapitalValueProcess•FrontEndLoading前段设计•DSP•Gate•DEFINE•确定•OPERATE•操作•DSP•GateConstructionPHSSER施工PHSSEROperatePHSSER操作PHSSERDetailedEngineeringPHSSER详细设计PHSSERPre-SanctionPHSSER预批准PHSSERSelectPHSSER选择PHSSERAppraisePHSSER评价PHSSER•Selectthepreferredprojectoption(s)•选择优先项目选项•Determineprojectfeasibilityandalignmentwithbusinessstrategy•确定项目可行性并与业务战略相结合•Evaluateassettoensureperformancetospecificationsandmaximumreturntotheshareholders•评价资产，保证性能达到规格和昀大股东回报OperationPhase运营阶段RISKMANAGEMENTTASKCATEGORYNew,renovatedandexpandedprojectsHAZOP，PHSER，3C4F，PSSR,MOCSafetychecklistInspection&maintenanceworkRAP(JHA)，RISKASSESSMENTProcessOperationSOPJHARiskassessmentLogisticsJHASecuritySafetyChecklist安全检查表保安物流任务分类风险管理检维修作业正常生产SOP新改扩建项目RiskAssessmentandManagement风险评估与管理EngineeringMethods辨识方法和工程技术•HAZOP危险与可操作性研究•检查表checklist，JHA•SWIFT，WHAT-IF如果那么•ConceptSafetyEvaluations(CSE)概念性安全评价•3C4F(punchlists)3查4定（尾项工程处理）•LayerOfProtectionAnalysis(LOPA)保护分析的层次•SIL安全仪表等级•QRA量化性的风险评估•MajorAccidentRiskstudies(MAR)重大事故风险研究；OperationalMethods管理运作方法•Procedures程序；•PermittoWork作业许可RAP；•Plantinspections装置检查；•MoC’s变更管理；•Pre-Start-UpSafetyReview(PSSR)试车前安全审查•PHSER项目阶段风险评估定性-定量定量分析（1%采用了QRA）SimpleRiskMatrix简单风险矩阵LIKELIHOOD可能性LOW低MEDIUM中HIGH高HIGH高HighestRisk昀高风险MEDIUM中CONSEQUENCES后果LOW低LowestRisk昀低风险TolerableRiskArea容许的风险区风险矩阵RiskMatrix12345678SEVERITY严重性Aneventthatwouldbeunlikelyinindustry工业中不可能发生的事件Hasneveroccurredwithinindustry工业领域从未发生的事件Similareventhasoccurredsomewhereinindustry在工业的某些地方曾经发生的类似事件SimilareventhasoccurredsomewherewithinGroup在集团内的某些地方曾经发生的类似事件Likelytooccurwithinthelifetimeof10similarfacilities可能在10个类似设施的使用寿命中发生Likelytooccurinthefacilitylifetime可能在设施的使用寿命中发生Eventlikelytooccurmorethanonceinthefacilitylifetime可能在设施的使用寿命中发生至少一次以上Commonoccurrenceatthefacility在设施中通常发生A89101112131415B7891011121314C678910111213D56789101112E4567891011F345678910G23456789H1234567810-6/YR10-6to10-5/YR10-5to10-4/YR10-4to10-3/YR10-3to10-2/YR10-2to10-1/YR10-1to1/YR1/YR影响等级Impactlevels严重程度SEVERITYHSE影响等级HSEimpactlevels业务影响等级Businessimpactlevels健康与安全HEALTHANDSAFETY环境ENVIRONMENTAL操作权利PRIVILEGETOOPERATE设备损坏、商业价值损失EQUIPMENTDAMAGE,BUSINESSVALUELOSTA200Fatalities死亡;意外泄漏广泛损坏，保持在“不满意”状态达5年以上unintendedrelease,extensivedamage,remainunsatisfactorystate5years.对敏感性环境“不满意”状态达5年以上extensivedamagetoasensitiveenvironmentandwhichremains5years.震惊全球、全球商标损害和/或影响到国际法Globaloutrage,globalbranddamageand/oraffectinginternationallegislation.$10billionB50Fatalities死亡;对非敏感性环境广泛损坏“不满意”状态达5年以上extensivedamagetonon-sensitiveenvironmentandremainsunsatisfactorystate5years.长时间国际媒体报道Prolongedinternationalmediacoverage.$5billion-$10billionC10Fatalities死亡;对非敏感性环境广泛损坏在2-4年后才能恢复到“满意/双方认可”。extensivedamagetoanon-sensitiveenvironmentberemediatedtoasatisfactory/agreedstatein2-4years.长时间区域媒体报道InternationalmediacoverageprolongedRegionalmediacoverage.$0.5billion-$5billionD3Fatalities死亡;or30injuries受伤对非敏感性环境广泛损坏可以在1年后恢复到环境宜人的状态。extensivedamagetoanon-sensitiveenvironmentandwhichcanberemediatedin@1year.长时间当地媒体报道，或严重的国家抱怨Regionalorprolongedlocalmediacoverageorseverenationaloutrage.$100mto$0.5billion影响等级Impactlevels严重程度SEVERITYHSE影响等级HSEimpactlevels业务影响等级Businessimpactlevels健康与安全HEALTHANDSAFETY环境ENVIRONMENTAL操作权利PRIVILEGETOOPERATE设备损坏、商业价值损失EQUIPMENTDAMAGE,BUSINESSVALUELOSTE1or2Fatalities死亡;or10injuries受伤对非敏感性环境造成局部损害，在1年后恢复到环境宜人的状态localizeddamagetoanon-sensitiveenvironmentremain1year.主要市场局部或有限的“利益集团”抱怨*Localizedorlimited“interest-group”outrageinmajormarket.$5m-$100mFDAFWC损失工时对非敏感性环境造成局部损害，在几个月内恢复。localizeddamagetoanon-sensitiveenvironmentandrestoresmonths.当地媒体长时间关注Prolongedlocalmediaattention.$500k-$5mGRI可记录事件对非敏感性环境造成直接区域损害，在几个月内恢复。immediateareadamagetoanon-sensitiveenvironmentmonths.当地媒体短期关注Shortt