2019年高中英语 Module 4 Carnival Section Ⅰ Introduction

ThecarnivalhasbeencelebratedintheCityofColognesinceancienttimes.However,afteranewgovernmentcameintopowerin1814,itwashightimeto“organise”thestreetcarnival,whichthenewauthoritythoughtwasgettingoutofhand.Therefore,in1823theFestivalCommitteewasfounded.Overtheyears,certainnewtraditionsandcustomshaveemerged(出现),whichbecomethefeatureofthemodernCologneCarnival:theindoorfestivitiesandthestreetcarnival.ItisthetaskoftheFestivalCommittee,representingover100Colognecarnivalassociations,etc.,toorganise,setcommonstandards,andpreservethetraditionofthecarnival.Traditionally,thecarnivalstartsat11：11,11th,November!Thecarnivallastsfortotallythreemonths.OnFebruary10,1823ColognecelebratedthefirstRoseMonday,thecraziestdayofthecarnival.GivenitsChristianroots,thedateofRoseMondayisdeterminedbytheChurchcalendar:IttakesplaceontheMondaybeforethecarnivalends.Thiscarnivalisknownasoneofthemostimportantstreetpartiesofalltimes.Thiscolorfulcelebrationattractsoveramillionvisitorsfromallovertheworld.Theparadesthroughthestreetsareorganisedbylocalsandschoolchildren.Thousandsofpeoplecometowatchthegreatshow.Millionsofpeoplestandonbothsidesofthestreetcheering.Germansletdowntheirhairandhavethetimeoftheirlives,drinking,singinganddancing.OnAshWednesday,thedaythecarnivalends,itisamusttohavefish—thatiswhatyouwillgetonthemenuofallrestaurants.Tolearnmoreaboutthecarnival,manypeoplehavevisitedthecarnivalmuseumofCologne.Themuseumopeneditsgatesin2005andwasawardedthetitleof“2006LocationofIdeasandInnovations”inthefollowingyear.TheexhibitionhasawidevarietyofexhibitsinthehistoryofcarnivalinEurope.VisitorsareamazedatthecollectionofmedalsfromCologne’svariouscarnivalclubsortheycanlistentothetypicalcarnivalmusicinkölsch,adialect(方言)spokeninCologne.[原文呈现][读文清障]SectionⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre­readingTheMagicoftheMaskThinkof①carnival②，andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes③，andconfusion④.Thesoundsandsightschangefromonecountryto⑤anotherbuttheexcitementisthesameeverywhere.①Thinkof...andyouthinkof...为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。②carnival/'kɑːnIvl/n.狂欢节③costume/'kɒstjuːm/n.服装；戏装；化装服④confusion/kən'fjuːʒn/n.杂乱；混乱⑤changefrom...to...从……到……变化[原文呈现][读文清障]“Carnival”comesfromtwoLatinwords,meaning“nomoremeat”⑥.InEurope,whereitbegan⑦，carnivalwasfollowedby⑧fortydayswithoutmeat,aspeoplepreparedfortheChristian⑨festivalofEaster⑩.⑥现在分词短语“meaning...”作定语，相当于“whichmeans...”。⑦whereitbegan为定语从句，修饰先行词Europe。⑧befollowedby被……跟随；紧跟着⑨Christian/'krIstʃən/adj.基督教的⑩aspeoplepreparedfortheChristian为时间状语从句。[原文呈现][读文清障]PeoplesawCarnivalas⑪alastchancetohavefunattheendofthewinterseason.Havingfun⑫meanteating,drinking,anddressingup⑬.⑪see...as...把……看作……⑫havefun过得愉快，动名词短语havingfun作主语，meandoing表示“意味着做……”。⑬dressup装扮；打扮面具的魔力[第1～2段译文]想到狂欢节，你就会想到人群、各式各样的服装和热闹非凡的场面。这种场面在每个国家所听到的和看到的各不相同，但人们的兴奋程度在各地都是相同的。“狂欢节”这个词是由两个拉丁词演变而来的，意思是“禁肉食”。欧洲是狂欢节的发源地，在那里，狂欢节过后人们会有40天不吃肉，在这期间，人们为基督教的节日——复活节做准备。人们把狂欢节作为冬季结束前最后一次玩乐的机会。玩乐意味着吃、喝和乔装打扮。ThemostfamouscarnivalinEuropewasinVenice.Atthebeginning⑭，itlastedfor⑮justoneday.Peopleate,drank,andworemasks.Astimepassed⑯，however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended⑰，sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas⑱.⑭atthebeginning从一开始，起初(＝atfirst)⑮last(for)持续⑯astimepassed随着时间的推移⑰extend/Ik'stend/vt.延长⑱sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas为结果状语从句。Forweeksonend⑲peoplewalkedroundthestreetswearingmasks,doingwhattheywantedwithoutbeingrecognised⑳.Ordinarypeoplecouldpretend○21toberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret○22.Manycrimeswentunpunished○23.⑲onend(时间)连续地；竖着⑳现在分词短语wearing...doing...作伴随状语。而doing后whattheywanted...为宾语从句。○21pretend/prI'tend/vi.假装pretendtodosth.假装做某事○22insecret秘密地(＝secretly)○23gounpunished没有得到惩罚[第3段译文]欧洲过去最著名的狂欢节是在威尼斯。最初，狂欢节只持续一天。人们吃呀、喝呀，并戴上面具。然而，随着时间的推移，庆祝狂欢节的时间被延长了，以至于圣诞节一过狂欢节就开始了。连续几个星期人们戴着面具走在街上，为所欲为而不会被认出来。普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。很多罪行逃脱了惩处。Thegovernmentrealisedthatwearingmaskshadbecomeaproblem○24.Theirusewaslimitedby○25laws,thefirstofwhichdatesbackto○26thefourteenthcentury○27.Menwerenotallowed○28towearmasksatnight;andtheywerenotallowedtodressupaswomen.Inlatertimesmorelawswerepassed.○24thatwearingmaskshadbecomeaproblem为宾语从句，其中动名词短语wearingmasks在从句中作主语。○25belimitedby受……限制○26datebackto追溯到(＝datefrom)以上两个短语没有进行时和被动语态。○27ofwhich...为非限制性定语从句，修饰laws。○28beallowedtodo被允许做……Peoplewhoworemasks○29couldnotcarryfirearms○30；andnoonecouldenterachurchwearingamask.Iftheybrokethelaws,theywereputintoprison○31forupto○32twoyears.Finally,whenVenicebecamepartoftheAustrianempire○33，attheendoftheeighteenthcentury,maskswerebanned○34completely,andcarnivalbecamejustamemory○35.○29whoworemasks为定语从句，修饰people。○30firearm/'faIərˌɑːm/n.火器○31put...intoprison把……关进监狱○32upto达到(数量、程度等)○33empire/'empaIə/n.帝国○34banv．(banned;banned)禁止；取缔bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事○35memory/'memri/n.记忆inmemoryof为了纪念Butinthelate1970s○36thetraditionwasrevived○37bystudents.Theybeganmakingmasksandorganisingparties,andthrewbitsof○38brightlycolouredpaper(calledcoriandoli○39)at○40tourists.Thetowncouncil○41realisedthatcarnivalwasgoodforbusiness,andthefestivalwasdevelopedfortourists.○36inthelate/early1970s在20世纪70年代后/早期○37revive/rI'vaIv/vt.复兴；再兴起；再流行○38bitsof小片的○39cal