2000-年-2018-年英语专八改错真题及答案解析

12000年-2018年英语专八改错真题及答案解析2018Massmediaismediathatisintendedforalargeaudience.Itmaytaketheformofbroadcastmedia,asincaseoftelevisionandradio,or(1)printmedia,asnewspapersandmagazines.(2)Usually,massmediaaimstoreachaverylargemarket,suchastheentirepopulationofacountry.Bycontrast,localmediacoversamuchsmallpopulationandarea,focusingonregionalnewsofinterest,(3)specialtymediaisprovidedforparticulardemographicgroups.Some(4)localmediaoutletsthatcoverstateorprovincialnewsmayraiseto(5)prominencethankstotheirinvestigativejournalism,andtothecloutthattheirparticularregionshaveinthenationalpolitics.Peopleoftenthinkofmassmediaasthenews,italsoincludes(6)entertainmentliketelevisionshows,books,andfilms.Itmayalsobeeducationalinthenature,asintheinstanceofpublicbroadcasting(7)stationsthatprovideeducationalprogramstoanationalaudience.Politicalcommunicationsincludingpropagandaarealsofrequentlydistributedthroughthemedia,aswerepublicserviceannouncements(8)andemergencyalerts.Whenelitistsmaybetemptedtosneeratmassmedia,referringtoit(9)asthe“opiateofthemasses,”itisacriticalpartofhumansocieties.Understandingmassmediaisusuallythekeytounderstandapopulation(10)andculture,whichiswhythefieldofmediastudiesissohuge.22017Theabilitytocommunicateistheprimaryfactorthatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromanimals.Anditistheabilitytocommunicatewellwhichdistinguishesoneindividualfromanother.(1)Thefactisthatapartfromthebasicnecessities,oneneedstobeequippedwithhabitsforgoodcommunicationskills,thusthisiswhatwillmakeoneahappyandsuccessfulsocialbeing.(2)Inordertodevelopthesehabits,oneneedstofirstacknowledgethefactthattheyneedtoimprovecommunicationskillsfromtimetotime.Theyneedtotakestockofthewayhowtheyinteractandthedirection(3)inwhichtheirworkandpersonalrelationsaregoing.Theonlyconstantinlifeischange,themoreoneacceptsone’sstrengthsandworks(4)towardsdealingwiththeirshortcomings,speciallyintheareaof(5)communicationskills,thebetterwillbetheinteractionsandthemoretheirsocialpopularity.Thedominatedquestionthatcomeshereis:Howtoimprove(6)communicationskills?Theanswerissimple.Onecanfindplentyofliteratureonthis.Therearealsoexperts,whoconductworkshopsandseminarsbasedoncommunicationskillsofmenandwomen.Infact,alargenumberofcompaniesarebringingintrainerstoregularlymake(7)sessionsonthesubject,inordertohelptheirworkforcemaintainbetterinterpersonalworkrelations.Todayeffectivecommunicationskillshavebecomeapredominantfactorevenwhilerecruitingemployees.Whileinterviewingcandidates,mostinterviewersjudgethemonthebasisoftheskillstheycommunicatewith.Theybelievethatsomeskillscanbeimprovisedonthejob;butabilitytocommunicatewellisimportant,aseveryemployee(8)becomestherepresentingfaceofthecompany.Therearetrainers,whospecializedindeliveringcustom-made(9)programsonthesubject.Throughthesessionstheynotonlyfacilitatebettercommunicationskillsintheworkplace,butalsolookintotheproblemsinthemannerofbeingabletoconveymessageseffectively.(10)32016Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationship,aculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrelationships,forexample,partnersdeveloptheirownhistory,sharedexperiences,(1)languagepatterns,habitsandcustomsgivetherelationshipaspecial(2)character—acharacterthatdiffersitinvariouswaysfromotherrelationships.Examplesmightincludespecialdates,places,songsor(3)eventsthatcometohaveauniqueandimportantsymbolicmeaningforthetwoindividuals.Thus,anysocialunit—whetherarelationship,group,organization,orsociety—developsaculturewiththepassageof(4)time.Whilethedefiningcharacteristicsofeachcultureareunique,allculturessharecertainsamefunctions.Therelationshipbetween(5)communicationandcultureisaverycomplexintimateone.(6)Culturearecreatedthroughcommunication;thatis,communicationisthemeansofhumaninteraction,throughitculturalcharacteristicsarecreatedandshared.Itisnotsomuchthatindividualssetouttocreateaculturewhentheyinteractinrelationships,groups,organizations,orsocieties,butratherthanthatculturesareanaturalby-productofsocialinteraction.Inasense,culturearethe“residue”ofsocialcommunication.Withoutcommunicationandcommunicationmedia,itwouldbeimpossibletobaseandpassalongculturalcharacteristicsfromoneplaceandtimetoanother.Onecansay,furthermore,thatcultureiscreated,shaped,transmitted,andlearnedthroughcommunication.(7)(8)(9)(10)42015WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshowonicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedaroundattheluxuryoftherink,myfriend’smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeengiven.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmyvocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;thatmuchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoIstartedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,andsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren’tthey?Myfriend’smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromherexpressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughlymeans,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquirebothnewwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinourownfirstlanguage.Butsometimeswe