2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection S

SectionⅦGrammar单元语法项目(一)——转述结构语法图解探究发现①Hesaid,“I'mbusypreparingforthefinalexamnow.”→Hesaidthathewasbusypreparingforthefinalexamthen.②“Doyouwantthegreenshirtortheblueone？”askedmother.→Motheraskedwhether/ifIwantedthegreenshirtortheblueone.③Theoldmansaid,“Don'tcomehereagainnextweek.”→Theoldmanaskedusnottogothereagainthenextweek.④Ourteachersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→Ourteachersaidpracticemakesperfect.⑤“Wheredidyouspendyourholidaythisyear,Jack？”Sheasked.→SheaskedJackwherehehadspenthisholidaythatyear.[我的发现](1)由句①可知，当直接引语为句变为间接引语时，时态、人称、时间状语以及指示代词等通常要改变。(2)由句②可知，当直接引语为句变为间接引语时，首先变为语序，然后再加上连词或来引导间接引语。(3)由句③可知，当直接引语为句时，要加上合适的动词，如ask,tell,order,require,demand等动词作谓语，然后将该祈使句变成作宾补。陈述一般疑问陈述句ifwhether祈使动词不定式(4)由句④可知，当直接引语为谚语、格言以及客观真理、自然现象时，间接引语中的谓语动词不用改变，仍使用_________时态。(5)由句⑤可知，当直接引语为句变为间接引语时，首先将其变为语序，但仍用原来的引导。一般现在特殊疑问陈述句疑问词一、常见的转述结构1．动词＋that...that引导的从句为间接引语。常用动词有add,admit,agree,announce,believe,boast,claim,complain,deny,declare,explain,insist,remind,suggest,warn等。Theyannouncedthatshewouldgiveoneextrasong.他们宣布她将再唱一首歌。Hebelievesthatsheisfitforthejob.他相信她能胜任这项工作。2．动词＋sb.＋that...常用动词有warn,remind,tell等。HewarnedmethatIcouldn'tgooutaloneatnight.他警告我晚上不能单独出去。SheremindedmethatIhadn'twrittentomymother.她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。3．动词＋sb.＋todosth.常用动词有advise,beg,order,promise等。Thedoctoradvisedmetotakemoreexercise.医生建议我多加锻炼。Ipromisedmymothertogetupearlyinthemorning.我向妈妈承诺早上早起。4．动词＋todosth.常用动词有agree,offer,refuse,threaten等。Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.他主动提出要借给我一些书。Thebossthreatenedtodismissusifwedidn'tobeyhim.老板威胁我们说，如果违背他就开除我们。5．动词＋v.­ing常用动词有admit,deny,suggest,advocate等。Shesuggestedstayingthereanotherday.她建议在那儿再待一天。Hedeniedhavingseenthesewatchesbefore.他否认曾经见过这些手表。6．动词＋if/whether...常用动词有inquire,ask等。Sheaskedwhether/ifIputsugarinmytea.她问我是否在茶中加糖。7．动词＋介词＋v.­ing常用动词词组有accuseof,succeedin等。Hewasaccusedofstealingthemoney.他被指控偷钱。即时演练1单句语法填空①(2017·江苏高考改编)He'sbeeninformedthathe_______(not,qualify)forthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.②Backfromhistwo­yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother(take)goodcareofathome.③Itisreportedthataspacestation(build)onthemooninyearstocome.④Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway(use)thesunandthestars.doesn'tqualifytakenwillbebuiltusing⑤Expertsbelievepeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.⑥Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.⑦Billsuggested(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.⑧Tomrefused(help)heroutoftrouble.thatshouldholdingtohelp二、直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态无需改变的情况1．当直接引语为客观真理、自然现象以及谚语、格言时。Ourteachersaidtous,“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”→Ourteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.2．当直接引语部分带有具体的时间状语时。Heintroducedtous,“Thesingerwasbornin1980.”→Heintroducedtousthatthesingerwasbornin1980.3．当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时态的时候。“Whereishereallyfrom？”Iwonder.→Iwonderwhereheisreallyfrom.4．强调所谈情况仍然存在。“Chinawilllaunchanothersatellite.”Thespokespersonannounced.→ThespokespersonannouncedChinawilllaunchanothersatellite.5．当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter等时。Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”→ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空①Hetoldmethatyou(steal)hismoney.②Theteachersaidthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.③Idon'tknowwhenhe(come)atall.④ShereportedthatthenextOlympicGames(hold)inTokyoin2020.⑤Marysaidthatshe(get)upatsixeverymorning.hadstolentravelswillcomewillbeheldgetsⅠ.单句语法填空1．Tiringasitmightbe,themilitarytrainingisbelieved(be)thebestopportunitytomakelifelongfriends.2．Wepromiseattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.3．Hesaidhe(not,see)hisoldfriendsforalongtime.4．Theteachersaidthattwoplustwo(be)four.tobewhoeverhadn'tseenis5．ThemomentIgothome,mywifeaskedmeIhadbeentothehospital.6．isreportedthatmanypeoplediedinthatcaraccident.7．“Becarefulwiththedog，”saidhe.→Hewarnedme(be)carefulwiththedog.8．—Howdangerousdrunk­drivingis!—Yes.Weshouldtrytopersuadeourfamiliesandfriendsnever(drive)afterdrinking.9．Tomtoldhisteacherthathe(be)bornin1988.10．Assoonashecomesback,I'lltellhimwhenyou(come)andseehim.whether/ifIttobetodrivewaswillcomeⅡ.用下面括号中的动词把下列句子改成转述结构1．We'llclosecreditlinesifyoudon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideyouproduce.(threaten)→Theyourcreditlinesifwedon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideweproduce.2．OK,youareright,somepoisonouschemicalsdidescapeintotheatmosphere.(admit)→Theysomepoisonouschemicalshadescapedintotheatmosphere.threatenedtocloseadmittedthat3．Whydon'tyoudropintonightaheadofyourmeeting?(invite)→He/She/Theyintonightaheadofmymeeting.4．Standupimmediately!(order)→He/She/Theystandupimmediately.5．Youcan'tuseyourdictionariesduringthetest.(forbid)→He/She/Theyourdictionariesduringthetest.6．Shallwehavepancakeswithhoney?(suggest)→He/She/Theypancakeswithhoney.invitedmetodroporderedmetoforbadeustousesuggestedhaving/thatweshouldhave7．Isthebusservicerunningaccordingtothetimetabletoday?(inquire)→I/He/She/They/Wethebusservicewasrunningaccordingtothetimetabletoday.8．Thefireluckilycausednolossoflife.(report)→Theythefirehadluckilycausednolossoflife.inquiredif/whetherreportedthat单元语法项目(二)——被动语态语法图解探究发现①Thedebtmustbepaidoffbeforenextmonth.②Thebrokenbikeisbe